Paper 1 Part 1: The challenge of natural Hazards

Question 1

What is the earth made of?

Answer 1

Inner core, Outer core, The mantle and The crust

Question 2

What are the different types of plate margins and their resulting landforms?

Answer 2

constructive - ocean ridges
destructive - Volcanoes
conservative - Fault line

Question 3

Why is volcanic activity found near plate margins?

Answer 3

• As the denser plate edge moves downward, the pressure and temperature surrounding it increases.
• This causes changes to the plate that melt the mantle above, and the melted rock rises through the plate, sometimes reaching its surface as part of a volcano

Question 4

Why do people live near areas of volcanic activity?

Answer 4

• They’ve always lived there
• Cant afford to move
• Fertile soil attracts farmers
• tourist attractions

Question 5

What is the impact of earthquakes on people and places?

Answer 5

• People may be killed or injured
• Homes may be destroyed
• Transport and communication links may be disrupted
• Water pipes may burst and water supplies may be contaminated.

Question 6

Why do earthquakes occur near plate margins?

Answer 6

Earthquakes are caused by the tension that builds up at all three types of plate margins

Question 7

How can the earthquake risk be reduced?

Answer 7

• Monitoring
• Prediction
• Protection
• Planning

Question 8

Where do tropical storms develop?

Answer 8

• over warm water
• sea temp. over 27 degrees
• between 5 and 30 degrees north and south of equator

Question 9

How might global warming affect tropical storms? and why?

Answer 9

• Distribution (average ocean temp rises so more of the worlds oceans could be above 27 degrees)
• Intensity (More evaporation and increased cloud formation, so more energy is released)
• Frequency (oceans stay at 27 degrees longer)

Question 10

How can the effects of tropical storms be reduced?

Answer 10

• Prediction and monitoring
• Planning
• Protection

Question 11

What extreme weather events effect the UK?

Answer 11

• Strong winds - Heavy rainfall
• snow and ice - Drought
• Thunderstorms - Heat waves

Question 12

What are the effects of extreme weather?

Answer 12

• destruction -drought

- death - flooding

Question 13

Evidence for the UKs weather becoming more extreme

Answer 13

• UK’s 10 warmest years occurred since 1990 and 2018 was hottest summer on record
• More rainfall records were broken between 2010 and 2014 that any decade on record

Question 14

What is the evidence for climate change?

Answer 14

• Ice and sediment cores
• Tree rings
• Pollen analysis
• Temperature records

Question 15

What are the natural causes of climate change?

Answer 15

• Orbital changes
• Volcanic activity
• solar output

Question 16

What are the human causes of climate change?

Answer 16

• Burning fossil fuels
• Cement production
• Farming
• Deforestation

Question 17

What are the effects of climate change?

Answer 17

• Warmer temps are causing glaciers to shrink and ice sheets to melt
• Rising sea levels mean low-lying and coastal areas will flood more regularly
• precipitation patterns are changing

Question 18

How do we manage the effects of climate change?

Answer 18

• Changing agricultural systems
• Managing water supply
• Coping with rising sea levels

Question 19

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 19

A natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions

Question 20

What factors affect hazard risk?

Answer 20

• Vulnerability(High population density are more vulnerable)
• Nature of natural hazard(Type, frequency ad magnitude)
• capacity to cope (HICs have better capacity to cope)

Question 21

Give 2 features of continental crust

Answer 21

• Thicker (30-50km) (than Oceanic (5-10km))

- Less dense

Question 22

Name the plate margin where they move towards each other

Answer 22

Destructive

Question 23

Features of the eye of a storm

Answer 23

• Low pressure belt
• Light winds
• No clouds
• High temp

Question 24

Features of the eye wall

Answer 24

• Spiralling rising air
• Very strong winds
• Storm clouds
• Torrential rain
• Low temp