Paper 1 - Natural Hazards Flashcards
Natural Hazard
Any natural process that is a potential threat to human life and property
Natural event
A naturally occuring event in the physical environment, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption or tropical storm.
Hazard risk
The probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place.
Tectonic hazard
A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates (including volcanoes and earthquakes).
What is the difference between constructive and destructive plate margins (4 marks)
A constructive plate margin occurs where two plates move apart, whereas plates move together at a destructive plate margin. New crust is created at a constructive plate margin where it can be melted and destroyed at a destructive plate margin. Contrasting landforms occur at the different margins with fold mountains being found at destructive margins together with ocean trenches and composite volcanoes instead of mid-ocean ridges and shield volcanoes and rift valleys at constructive margins. Eruptions are more violent and earthquakes more severe at destructive plate margins.
When did L’aquila earthquake occur
2009
Primary effects of L’aquila earthquake
around 300 deaths and 1500 injuries.
Over 1bn USD in damage
67,500 homeless
10-15,000 buildings collapse including hospitals and Porta Napoli
Secondary effects of L’aquila
Landslides and rockfalls damaged housing and transport
Mudflow caused a burst water pipeline near Paganio
House prices increased
When did the Nepal earthquake occur
2015
Primary effects of Nepal earthquake
Around 9,000 deaths and 16,800 injuries.
5bn USD in damage.
1 million homeless
7,000 schools and 26 hospitals were destroyed
International airport congested as aid arrived
Seconary effects of Nepal earthquake
Landslides and avalanches killed 19 people on mount everest
Blocked roads slowed aid.
Toursims and employment declined.
Rice seeds ruined causing food shortages
Immediate responses of L’Aquila earthquake
10,00 sheltered and 40,000 tents given out
Seven dog units searched for survivors.
Free mobile calls were given to citizens
550 million USD raised from EU Solidarity fund
Long term responses of L’Aquila earthquake
Torch lit processions each year.
No taxes for residents during 2010.
Students university fees were waived.
Immediate responses to Nepal earthquake
International help requested
500,000 tents provided.
Free telephone calls
Long term responses to Nepal earthquake
274mn USD in aid money
Lakes and rivers cleared of landslide material to avoid flooding
New trekking routes on Everest created
