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Re Paper 1/2 - Unit 4 > Paper 1 - Is it fair? > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Is it fair? Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by ‘dignity’ and ‘human dignity?’

A

Dignity - A status of respect, value, accepted worth and fair treatment.
Human Dignity - accepting the worth and value of people and treating them in a morally correct way.

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2
Q

What is meant by ‘identity?’

A

A person’s identity is what makes them a particular individual. It is also the way people see themselves. People gain their identity through friends, family and significant life experiences.

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3
Q

What is meant by ‘fairness?’

A

Fairness - when people are treated equally, have the same opportunities and rights as other people and they are loved and valued like everyone else.

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4
Q

What is meant by ‘unfairness?’

A

Unfairness - when people are not treated equally, don’t have the same opportunities and rights as other people and they aren’t loved and valued like everyone else.

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5
Q

What is meant by ‘justice?’

A

Justice - when people are treated fairly, have equal or the same opportunities as other people. People are given their human rights and are treated without prejudice or discrimination.

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6
Q

What is meant by ‘injustice?’

A

Injustice - when people aren’t treated fairly, don’t have equal or the same opportunities as other people. People aren’t given their human rights and are treated with prejudice or discrimination.

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7
Q

What is a duty?

A

An obligation, something you are expected to do, something that has been entrusted to you or something people depend on you for

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8
Q

What is a right?

A

Something you are entitled to or can expect, deserve or earned.

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9
Q

What is a human right?

A

A right people have simply because they are human.

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10
Q

What is meant by ‘equality?’

A

Equality - treating people fairly with justice and giving them the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. Human rights are respected and they are treated with dignity and respect.

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11
Q

Reasons people would say that equality is impossible:

A
  • The world is a complex place
  • Because of the way industry, trade and law are set up
  • Human nature would have to change dramatically
  • The laws of nature and life itself is set up in a way that not everyone can get what they deserve
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12
Q

What is meant by authority?

A
  • The power someone has over someone or to make decisions and control what happens
  • A governing body which makes decisions and enforces laws
  • The moral power behind what people think, say and do
  • A source of information which is always true
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13
Q

Examples of sources of authority:

A
  • The Government, the local County Council, the Education Authorities
  • The Pope, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • The Bible and Church documents
  • The Hadith (Writings)
  • Imams
  • Shari’ah Law (Islam’s legal system)
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14
Q

Why is the Bible a source of authority for Christians?

A

It contains God’s teachings about what is good and evil. It is the word of God and contains ‘the truth’

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15
Q

Why is the Qur’an a source of authority for Muslims?

A

Muslims believe that Allah (God) revealed the Qur’an to the Prophet Muhammad.

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16
Q

Should people always obey authorities?

A

People should do what is lawful. We have a duty to obey a country’s laws and if we do not there will be chaos. However, sometimes people feel very strongly about a decision and their conscience may tell them that the authorities have got it wrong.If they willingly choose not to obey the authorities it is is called civil disobedience.

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17
Q

What is meant by ‘conscience?’

A

The voice of God that speaks directly to a person’s heart.

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18
Q

What is meant by ‘civil disobedience?’

A

Civil Disobedience - When people show their disapproval of decisions made by the ruling authorities and they choose to disobey specific laws or rules.

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19
Q

Ways people can show civil disobedience:

A
  • Organising special events like marches and rallies
  • pressurising the government
  • organising campaigns
  • collecting money
  • holding prayer vigils
  • going on hunger strikes or holding special fasts to show disapproval
    CHRISTIANS WILL ALWAYS BE NON-VIOLENT
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20
Q

Where could people turn for guidance when they believe the authorities are not doing what is right?

A

Their own consciences, prayer, the church authorities or their religious texts.

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21
Q

What could the punishments be for civil disobedience?

A

Arrest, fines, imprisonment and death (in some countries)

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22
Q

What is meant by ‘prejudice?’

A

Judging people before you know enough about them or have real evidence. A bias against people or things without any proper reason.

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23
Q

Why are people prejudice?

A

Ignorance, past experiences, parental or peer pressure, fear and selfishness.

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24
Q

What is meant by ‘discrimination?’

A

Treating people differently because of their race, gender, age, religion, nationality, sexuality or social class. Discrimination happens when people put their prejudices into action and treat people differently as a result.

25
Q

How should we treat others?

A
  • With the respect and dignity they deserve, without prejudice or discrimination, giving them equal rights and opportunities.
26
Q

What does Christianity teach about how we should treat people?

A

With Unconditional Love and forgiveness. He taught the parable of the sheep and the goats, everyone will be judged at the end of time on how they treated people. With respect and dignity as everyone is in God’s Own Divine Image with souls and are children of God. Matthew 7:12 says “do to others what you would have them do to you”

27
Q

What does Buddhism teach about how we should treat people?

A

Eight-Fold Path; right attitude towards all living things, Dana (generosity), Karuna (compassion), Metta (loving-kindness), hatred and ignorance are 2 of the ‘fires’ buddhists try to put out during their lifetime.

28
Q

What is meant by ‘the media?’

A

Newspapers, magazines, television programs, radio and other forms of communicating to the public.

29
Q

How does the media influence our attitudes?

A

Reporting facts, TV programmes such as Coronation Street and East Enders have topics such as euthanasia, abortion, same sex relations etc. as part of the story lines.

30
Q

What is meant by ‘social responsibility?’

A

Things people are expected to do because they are part of a particular society.

31
Q

What is meant by ‘institutional racism?’

A

When racist ideas and actions are generally and openly accepted as common practice and not open condemned.

32
Q

What is ‘racism?’

A

Discriminating against someone because of their race

33
Q

What is ‘ageism?’

A

Discriminating against someone because of their age

34
Q

What is ‘sexism?’

A

Discriminating against someone because of their gender or sex

35
Q

Are there any examples of sexism within Christianity?

A

The Roman Catholic Church doesn’t allow female priests. This is mainly because Jesus was male and chose only male apostles.

36
Q

Why do people treat others differently?

A

Fear, pride, selfishness, ignorance, bad experiences, peer-pressure or up-bringing.

37
Q

Prejudice and discrimination is unacceptable in Christianity because:

A
  • God made all people in His own own image and likeness, so everyone is the same
  • The Book of Acts says in the Bible that God is the creator of all people and nations so everyone is equal
  • In the Bible passage ‘Galatians’ it says that there is neither Greek nor Jew, this means all races are the same
  • The 10 Commandments give guidance on living in harmony with others
  • Jesus taught the principle of ‘agape’ love, unconditional love to everyone regardless of colour, belief, race, social class etc
38
Q

What do Christians believe about sexism and ageism?

A
  • agape love
  • Jesus had many female followers and often stood up for women’s rights
  • Jesus once intervened to prevent a women being stoned to death for adultery
  • Christians think that old people should be respected and cared for (4th Commandment - Honour your father and mother)
39
Q

Prejudice and discrimination is unacceptable in Buddhism because:

A
  • All forms of life are precious, human life is a unique opportunity of gaining or breaking out of samsara, reaching enlightenment and Nirvana
  • Gotama Buddha’s first action was setting up a Sangha (community) of believers which everyone could join, he rejected the Hindu caste system and taught that all people are equal and can reach Nirvana
  • The Five Moral Precepts forbid prejudice and discrimination
40
Q

What is the difference between a right and a duty?

A

A right is something you can expect, a duty is something that can be expected from you.

41
Q

What is a want?

A

A wish for something that being without would not actually bring any hardship.

42
Q

What is a need?

A

A necessity - something that without which it would cause hardship.

43
Q

Examples of the media influencing our understanding of our social responsibilities:

A

Adverts:

  • Drinking and driving causes death
  • The need to exercise and stay healthy
  • Anti-smoking campaigns
  • Showing pictures and videos of those in need

News:

  • Presents with urgency (e.g ‘Breaking News’)
  • Shows things that have a connection with people (e.g fighting)
44
Q

The role of media in raising issues of prejudice and discrimination:

A
  • Popular programs use story lines to get people to think deeply about problem (e.g same-sex couples/abortion)
  • News presents cases local to the viewers
  • Some writers or presenters may portray an issue in a biased way
45
Q

Religion and the media:

A
  • Religious programmes are usually in the ‘God Slot’ - a specific time on Sunday
  • They are usually aimed at anyone interested in religion, not just those who practice
  • Often shows are connected with the meaning of life and linked to a belief (e.g ‘Is there a God?’, ‘Should priests marry?’)
46
Q

Reasons people would say the media is fair when portraying religious matters:

A
  • There is a lot of serious programming (e.g Documentaries)
  • Many portray religion and faith in a positive light
  • The are a lot of opportunities for religious and moral issues to be examined
47
Q

Reasons people would say the media is unfair when portraying religious matters:

A
  • Many programmes use religion for comedy (e.g Vicar of Dibley)
  • Religious characters are often ‘odd’ characters
  • Religious programmes are sidelined, they are only shown on Sundays instead of at prime time
48
Q

What is meant by spiritual wealth?

A

Wealth that has lasting value such as friendship, love and happiness. Stewardship is using the world’s resources with great care.

50
Q

What is meant by material wealth?

A
  • Having more than you need for the essential things in life

All religions teach that it is not true wealth because it does not have lasting value. Spiritual wealth is real wealth.

50
Q

What does Christianity teach about wealth?

A

Wealth in itself is not sinful or wrong, however it is seen as a possible danger to trust and faith in God because people who are wealthy spend a lot of time thinking about their money and their possession. Christians believe the focus of people’s lives should be to love God and other people.

51
Q

Christian teachings on wealth:

A
  • Spiritual values are most important. This doesn’t mean they shouldn’t have money or valuables but they mustn’t be the most important things in their lives
  • Jesus said that people should be concerned with ‘building up for yourself treasures in heaven’ (Matthew 6 v. 19)
  • In the story ‘the Rich Young Man’ when the young man asked Jesus what he had to do to get into heaven, Jesus said he had to give up all his riches and follow him
  • In the story ‘the Poor Widow’ Jesus said that people should give as much as they can. The widow only gave a little because she was poor but this was pleasing to God
  • Christianity obliges people to make a conscience effort to help the needy and share their wealth
  • Christians share their wealth by giving regularly to their church in the service collection and by donating to charities
  • Examples of charities: Christian Aid, CAFOD and Tear Fund. Steve Chalke is a good example of someone who shares wealth and expert knowledge
52
Q

Jesus’ stories to illustrate the importance of sharing and caring for others:

A

The story of Lazarus the Beggar:
A rich man refused to give Lazarus the Beggar even the scraps from his table. Lazarus died and went to heaven, the rich man went to hell. The rich man looks up and asks Lazarus for a drink. Lazarus is about to give him a drink when God stops him and says the rich man is being punished for ignoring Lazarus’ needs on earth.

The Parable of the Sheep and Goats:
At the Last Judgement, when the world will end, God will judge people according to how they have responded to the needs of others. People will be divided out into those who did and didn’t respond well like a shepherd separates sheep from goats. Jesus said that whenever someone does a kind act to ‘their neighbour’ it is like doing it to God Himself.

53
Q

Christian teachings on caring for the needy and the injustice of poverty:

A
  • Jesus taught that people have a basic duty to care for others through what he said and did
  • Jesus said that when people do something kind for others it is as if they were doing it to Jesus himself
  • Helping others is a religious duty and failing to do so is failing God and failing to live as true human beings
  • Jesus’ whole life and death is an example of how he cared for others
  • ‘A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, even as I have loved you’ (John 13 : 34)
54
Q

Buddhist teachings on caring for the needy and their response to the injustice of poverty, racism and sexism:

A
  • The first thing Gotama Buddha did after his enlightenment was set up a ‘Sangha’ or community where everyone of whatever social background could live together and be equal
  • Gotama Buddha made no distinction between male and female
  • Buddhists follow the Five Moral Precepts which tell them that they must live good lives and care for all living beings
  • Metta - Loving-kindness to all
  • Karuna - Compassion and pity for all creatures
  • Dana - Generosity
  • Ahimsa - Non-violence to all living things
  • Buddha taught that every living creature is inter connected with each other and deserves care and respect
55
Q

Buddhist teachings on wealth:

A
  • Gotama Buddha taught that people should take a middle path in life between extremes
  • The ‘Middle Way’ means that Buddhists should not live in luxury and should avoid hardship
  • Buddhists also follow the Eight-Fold Path. They are required to have Right Thought and Right Action which means that in their daily lives they must consider the needs of others
  • Buddhist monks/nuns are given a begging bowl when they become monks. Buddhists see it as part of their religious duty to feed them
  • Many Buddhists are what is called ‘Engaged Buddhists’ because they actively work to help the poor and needy
  • Many Buddhists contribute to the charity ‘Karuna Trust
56
Q

The work of a Christian individual who championed human rights:

A

Martin Luther King:
Martin Luther King lived in America in the 1960s when there was a thing called segregation meaning black and white people weren’t allowed in the same shops, parks buses etc. Black people weren’t allowed to vote and were paid less for doing the same job as a white person. Black Americans did not have EQUAL RIGHTS.
Martin Luther King was first involved in the Bus Boycott which eventually turned into the Civil Rights Movement, the peaceful protest to get social justice and equal rights.

57
Q

The work of a Christian individual who worked to alleviate poverty:

A

Mother Teresa of Calcutta:
Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who worked in the poorest places in India looking after the homeless, sick and aged. She began a group of nuns called The Sisters of Charity and persuaded people to make donations so that she could open schools, hospitals and shelters for the poor in India. Eventually her work spread to other countries and now there are groups of Sisters of Charity all over the world.

58
Q

The work of a Christian organisation who worked to alleviate poverty:

A

Christian Aid:

Re Paper 1/2 - Unit 4 (2 decks)

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