Paper 1 - Energy Flashcards
What are the energy stores
- thermal
- kinetic
- gravitational
- elastic potential
- chemical
- magnetic
- electrostatic
- nuclear
What is a system
A single object or group of objects
What happens when a system changes
Energy is transferred. Into or away from the system between different objects
What’s a closed system?
Where matter cannot leave or enter. The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always 0
What is work done
Energy transferred
When something moves it has…
…energy in its kinetic energy store
How does the kinetic energy of an object change as speed changes
Energy transferred to kinetic energy store as it speeds up, away from store as it slows down
What is the formula to calculate kinetic energy
Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x speed^2
What is energy transferred measured in?
Joules (J)
What is the basic unit for mass
Kilograms (kg)
What is the basic unit of measurement for distance?
metres (m)
What is the basic unit of measurement for speed ?
Metres per second (m/s)
Lifting an object requires…
Work
How does the transfer of energy to an objects gravitational potential energy store change with height
Higher object is lifted, more energy is transferred to it
What is the amount of energy in an objects gravitational potential energy store dependant on?
- height
- mass
- gravitational field strength
What is the formula to calculate the amount of energy in an objects gravitational potential energy store
g.p.e. = mass x gravitational field strength x height
What is the unit of measurement for gravitational field strength
N/kg
What happens when you stretch or squash an object
Energy is transferred to its elastic potential energy store
What is the equation to find the amount of energy in an objects elastic potential energy store
Elastic potential energy = 0.5 x spring constant x extension^2
What is the unit of measurement for spring constant
(N/m)
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
What is the equation involving specific heat capacity
Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
