Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology revision > paper 1= B1 B2 B3 B4 > Flashcards

paper 1= B1 B2 B3 B4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell ???

A

To enclose the genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is a watery solution where chemical reactions take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the cell membrane control??

A

The molecules that can enter and leave the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ribosome definition:

A

The sites of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ribosomes can only be seen under an _______ microscope

A

Electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plant cells have a ________ shape

A

Regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Animals can easily change their shape
True or False??

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 features that exist in both animal and plant cells

A

Mitochondria, Nucleus, Cell membrane and Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not:

A

Vacuole, Chloroplasts, and Cell Wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of Chloroplasts:

A

Contain chlorophyll and are the sites of of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cell wall made from?

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cell wall strengthens the cell
True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of Vacuole

A

Structure which is filled with a fluid called cell sap and helps give the plant cell its shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the job of a sperm cell?

A

To join with an ovum (egg cell) in a process called fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During fertilisation, the ________ ____________ of the sperm and egg cell combine

A

Genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do sperm cells contain their genetic information?

A

In the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the long tail on a sperm cell called and how does it help?

A

Flagella allows the sperm cell to swim to the ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the mitochondria provide for the sperm cell?

A

The energy needed for swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sperm cells contain enzymes
What do the enzymes allow the sperm cell to do?

A

To digest their way through the outer layer of the egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the job of a nerve cell?

A

To send electrical impulses around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of the axon in a nerve cell?

A

To carry the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The Axon in a nerve cell is covered in Myelin
What does this do to the transmission of nerve impulses?

A

Speeds up the transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are synapses in a nerve cell?

A

At the end of the Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of synapses in a nerve cell?

A

Which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another (junctions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do the dendrites do in a nerve cell?

A

Increase the surface area so that other nerve cells can connect more easily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Give 3 examples of specialised animal cells?

A

Muscle, Nerve and Sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Muscle cells can contact meaning??

A

They can get shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do muscle cells contain which can change their length??

A

Protein Fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Muscle cells are packed full of Mitochondria
What does this provide muscle cells with?

A

Energy for muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Muscle cells work together to form Muscle tissue
True Or False??

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Give the 3 specialised plant cells??

A

Root hair, Xylem and Phloem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do the hairs do in a root hair cell?

A

Increase the surface area of the root, so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What do root hair cells not contain?

A

Chloroplasts because root hair cells are underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Xylem from long tubes which carry……

A

Water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Xylem cells have very _____ walls which contain lignin

A

thick

37
Q

Because the cell walls are sealed with Lignin, this causes the xylem cells to die
True or False?

A

True

38
Q

Which structures do Xylem cells not have?

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Vacuole or Chloroplasts

39
Q

What do phloem tubes carry?

A

Dissolved sugars up and down the plant

40
Q

Name the two cells Phloem cells have:

A

Phloem vessel cells and the companion cells

41
Q

What does mitochondria in the companion cell provide for the phloem vessel cell?

A

Energy

42
Q

In the nucleus we find chromosomes
What are these made of?

A

The molecule DNA

43
Q

What do chromosomes carry?

A

A large number of genes which determine many of our features

44
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The idea that cells have to be able to divide

45
Q

State the two ways cells can be divided:

A

Mitosis and Miosis

46
Q

Definition of diffusion

A

The spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

47
Q

Cells need _________________ which is carried out by Mitochondria

A

Oxygen for respiration

48
Q

Where is the blood transported into the bloodstream?

A

From the lungs

49
Q

The oxygen is used to generate energy in respiration and this produces the waste gas ________________

A

Carbon dioxide

50
Q

Urea definition

A

A waste product produced inside cells.

51
Q

Where does Urea leave the cell?

A

It diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma and is excreted by the kidneys

52
Q

The ________ the concentration, the faster diffusion takes place

A

greater

53
Q

The _______ the temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion

A

Higher

54
Q

Why does an increase in heat, increase the rate of diffusion?

A

The particles have more kinetic energy and are moving faster

55
Q

The _______ the surface area of the cell membrane , the greater the rate of diffusion

A

Greater

56
Q

Definition of osmosis:

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

57
Q

If the solution is concentrated is there a low or high concentration of water?

A

Low concentration

58
Q

Is the solution is dilute is the concentration of the water high or low?

A

High concentration

59
Q

Partially permeable membranes allow some molecules to pass through but not all molecules
True or False?

A

True

60
Q

Is the cytoplasm of cells concentrated or dilute?

A

A Relatively concentrated solution

61
Q

Active transport definition

A

Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

62
Q

In active transport, particles move ________ the concentration gradient

A

Against

63
Q

What does active transport require energy for?

A

Respiration

64
Q

Which microscope has a greater magnification and resolution than a light microscope

A

Electron microscope

65
Q

State the formula for magnification

A

Size of image
———————
Size of real object

66
Q

Describe the first stage of the cell cycle

A

The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

67
Q

Describe the second stage of the cell cycle

A

One set of the chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell. The nucleus also divides

68
Q

Describe the final stage of the cell cycle

A

The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divided to form two identical cells

69
Q

Give 3 examples of the function of mitosis

A
  1. Happens during asexual reproduction
  2. When an organism repairs itself
  3. Essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms
70
Q

Definition of a stem cell

A

An undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells.

71
Q

Leukaemia is a cancer of the ______ _________

A

Bone marrow

72
Q

How is Luekaemia treated?

A

The patients existing bone marrow is destroyed using radiation, a transplant of bone marrow is revived from a donor. The stem cells in the bone marrow now divide and form new bone marrow.

73
Q

Problems with bone marrow transplants :

A
  1. Risk of virus being passed on
  2. Donor has to be compatible with patient or else the donated bone marrow could attack the patients body.
74
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient

75
Q

Therapeutic cloning is useful for which medical conditions?

A

Paralysis and Diabetes

76
Q

As organisms get larger what happens to the Surface Area: Volume ratio?

A

Falls sharply

77
Q

metabolism definition

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

78
Q

Where are excess proteins broken into?

A

The chemical Urea

79
Q

How does the body provide extra oxygen during exercise?

A

Breathing rate and breathing volume increases

80
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

( light)
Carbon dioxide + water ———-> glucose + oxygen
(Chlorophyll)

81
Q

What does heart rate do to increase oxygen during exercise?

A

Increases to pump oxygenated blood around the body

82
Q

During anaerobic respiration, the _________ of glucose is incomplete

A

Oxidation

83
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration ?

A

Glucose ———> Lactic acid
(Energy)

84
Q

Oxygen debt definition

A

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid

85
Q

What is a Communicable disease?

A

An infectious disease

86
Q

What kind of reaction is respiration ?

A

Exothermic because it releases energy

87
Q

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen ————-> carbon dioxide + water
(Energy)

88
Q

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells?

A

glucose ———-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
( energy)

89
Q

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells?

A

glucose ———-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
( energy)

biology revision (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions