Paper 1 Apartheid In South Africa Flashcards
What were the nature and characteristics of discrimination in Apartheid in South Africa?
-“petty apartheid” and “grand apartheid” legislation
-division and classification; segregation of populations and amenities; creation on townships; segregation of education; Bantustan system
What was “petty apartheid”?
“petty” apartheid laws focused on daily life restricted almost every facet of Black life in South Africa
What was “grand apartheid”?
“Grand” apartheid laws focused on keeping Black people in their own designated “homelands.”
What were townships in south africa?
areas that were designated under apartheid legislation for exclusive occupation by people classified as blacks, coloreds, and Indians
what was the Bantustan system?
also called the Homelands system; hailed by the NP as the flagship of Grand Apartheid. the plan was to give each of the Black peoples of South Africa their own self-governing homeland. They would become citizens of these lands instead of South Africa.
What were some of the non-violent protests that took place?
bus boycotts; defiance campaign; Freedom Charter
What was the defiance campaign?
The Defiance Campaign was launched on 26 June 1952, the date that became the yearly National Day of Protest and Mourning. The South African police were alerted about the action and were armed and prepared. In major South African cities, people and organizations performed acts of defiance and civil disobedience.
What was the Freedom Charter?
document outlining the aspirational principles of freedom and democracy in South Africa
What were some of the more violent protests that took place?
the Sharpeville massacre (1960) and the decision to adopt the armed struggle
What was the official response to the protests and actions taken against Apartheid?
the Rivonia Trial (1963-1964) and the imprisonment of (African National Congress) leadership
What were the two main individuals during this time?
Nelson Mandela; Albert Luthuli
Who was Nelson Mandela?
South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country’s first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
Who was Albert Luthuli?
South African anti-apartheid activist, traditional leader, and politician who served as the President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until his death in 1967.
What was the Shapeville massacre?
(March 21, 1960), incident in the Black township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, South Africa, in which police fired on a crowd of Black people, killing or wounding some 250 of them. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa.
What was the Rivonia Trial?
The Rivonia Trial took place in South Africa between 9 October 1963 and 12 June 1964, and led to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and the others among the accused who were convicted of sabotage
