paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a computer

A

A machine that processes data

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2
Q

define hardware system

A

the physical stuff that makes up a computer system: monitor, motherboard

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3
Q

what is an embedded system?

A

computers inside of a larger system. They are usually systems dedicated to one task

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4
Q

what is a control system?

A

manages, commands, and directs other devices or systems

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5
Q

explain the role of the control unit in the CPU

A

its main job is to execute program instructions by following the fetch-decode-execute cycle

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6
Q

what are the three names of the registers in the CPU

A

MAR, MDR, ACC

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7
Q

What does ALU stand for and what does it do

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit - does all the calculations

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8
Q

what is the cache and what is it used for

A

the cache is very fast memory in the CPU that stores regularly used data so that the CPU can access it quickly

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9
Q

describe what happens at each stage of the CPU fetch-decode-execute cycle

A

fetch- copy memory address from the program counter to the MAR and then copy the instruction stored in the address to the MDR

decode- instruction in MDR is decoded by the CU. The CU may then prepare for the next step by placing values into MAR or MDR

execute- the instruction is performed

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10
Q

how does clock speed affect CPU

A

clock speed is the number of FDE cycles that the CPU can carry out

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11
Q

how does the number of cores affect the CPU

A

more cores mean a greater number of instructions can be processed in a given time

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12
Q

how does cache size affect the CPU

A

bigger cache means less time the processor has to wait for instructions to be fetched

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU

A

it processes all of the data and instructions that make the system work

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14
Q

what is the MAR

A

holds any memory address about to be used by the CPU

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15
Q

what is the MDR

A

Holds the data or instruction fetched or waiting to be written to memory

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16
Q

what is the program counter?

A

Holds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle

17
Q

what is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

A

volatile memory is temporary

non-volatile memory is permanent

18
Q

what does RAM stand for and how is it used in a computer system

A

RAM is a high-speed, volatile memory that stores data while they’re being used

19
Q

could changing the amount of RAM affect the computer’s performance?

A

It would increase the performance of the computer because it wouldn’t need to use virtual memory as often

20
Q

when and how is virtual memory used?

A

Virtual memory may be needed if too many applications open at once.

when RAM is full the computer moves data that hasn’t been used recently to a location on secondary storage

21
Q

explain why ROM is required by a computer system

A

ROM is a non-volatile memory that contains all the instructions a computer needs to properly boot up. This is called the BIOS (basic input-output system)

22
Q

state three characteristics of a processor that could affect its performance

A

clock speed
cache size
number of cores

23
Q

state three components of a computer system that could be upgraded

A

RAM
GPU
CPU

24
Q

define primary storage

A

memory areas that the CPU can access quickly

25
define secondary storage
where all data is stored when not in use and they are much slower than primary storage
26
list four uses of flash memory
USB memory sticks mobile phones video game hardware digital audio players
27
is SSD better than HDD?
SSD's have no moving parts so they are quieter and more robust. They are also significantly faster. However, they are more expensive and have a lower average capacity
28
why might someone choose magnetic tape as a form of storage?
it has a great storage capacity at an extremely low cost. It can be used by large organizations to store huge amounts of data.
29
what are the pros and cons of optical storage
+cheap +portable +won't be damaged by water or shocks -low capacity -slow read/write speed
30
what are the pro and cons of magnetic storage
+high capacity +cheaper than SSD +high speed -moving parts -less robust than SSD
31
what are the pros and cons of solid-state drives (SSD)
+faster than HDD +reliable +robust -expensive