Paper 1 - 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

List the first 20 elements in the periodic table and their elements.

Answer 1

1) Hydrogen (H)
2) Helium (He)
3) Lithium (Li)
4) Beryllium (Be)
5) Boron (B)
6) Carbon (C)
7) Nitrogen (N)
8) Oxygen (O)
9) Fluorine (F)
10) Neon (Ne)
11) Sodium (Na)
12) Magnesium (Ma)
13) Aluminium (Al)
14) Silicon (Si)
15) Phosphorus (P)
16) Sulfur (Su)
17) Chlorine (Cl)
18) Argon (Ar)
19) Potassium (K)
20) Calcium (Ca)

Question 2

What are the non-metals that exist as molecules?
(Remember mnemonic)

Answer 2

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Iodine
Bromine
Chlorine
Fluorine
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 3

State the state symbols

Answer 3

(s) - Solid
(l) - Liquid
(g) - Gas
(aq) - Aqueous solution

Question 4

What is the most accurate definition of a compound?

Answer 4

A combination of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed position.

Question 5

How are compounds of non-metals named?

Answer 5

The 2nd word of the compound starts with mon, di, tri, ect.. this shows the number of atoms of this element for every 1 atom of the first element in the name

Question 6

Define what is meant by a “pure” substance

Answer 6

A substance that is made of only 1 element or 1 compound (its not a mixture)

Question 7

Define what is meant by a mixture

Answer 7

A mixture consists of 2 or more substances that are not chemically joined together

Question 8

What are the two purposes of filtration?

Answer 8

It separates a mixture of a liquid from an INSOLUBLE solid

It separates an excess reactant from a reaction mixture

Question 9

What does filtration do?

Answer 9

It allows small molecules and dissolved ions through pores in the filter paper, but not larger particle of the undissolved solid

Question 10

What is crystallization used for?

Answer 10

To produce solid crystals from a solution

Question 11

What is an example of crystallisation?

Answer 11

Separating copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution

Question 12

Describe the process of crystallization

Answer 12

• Put solution in an evaporation basin
• Warm solution by placing the evaporating basin over a boiling water bath
• Stop heating when crystals begin to form around the edge of the basin
• Filter out the solution after it has cooled
• Dry crystals by patting them with filter paper

Question 13

What is the purpose of simple distillation?

Answer 13

Used to produce a solvent from a solution, for example producing pure water from sea water

Question 14

Why does simple distillation work?

Answer 14

The solvent (the water) has a much lower boiling point than the solute (the dissolved substance), this means the solvent evaporates first.

Question 15

Describe the process of simple distillation

Answer 15

• The solvent (water) is evaporated before the solute (substance)
• The solvent vapour cools in a CONDENSER
• The solvent drips into a beaker
• The solute is left behind