Paper 1 Flashcards
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Superior Vena Cava
Carries deoxygenated blood from the head to the heart
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Aorta
Main artery carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Semi-lunar Valve
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Pulmonary Vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Right Ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Pulmonary Artery
Carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What part of the heart is highlighted?
Left Atrium
Recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs
Describe the blood flow of the heart
- Blood enters right atrium from superior and inferior vena cavae
- Blood in right atrium flows through right AV valve (tricuspid) into right ventricle
- Contraction of right ventricle forces pulmonary semilunar valve open
- Blood flows through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery and is taken to the lungs where it unloads CO2 and loads O2
- Blood returns from lungs from pulmonary veins to left atrium.
- Blood in left atrium flows through left AV valve (mitral) into left ventricle.
- Contraction of left ventricle ( simultaneous with Step 3) forces aortic semilunar valve open.
- Blood flows through aortic valve into aorta.
- Blood in aorta is distributed to every organ in the body, where it unloads O2 and loads CO2.
- Blood returns to heart from venae cavae
What is meant by an open circulatory system?
Inverterbrates (like insects) have open circulatory systems
This is where blood bathes organs directly (blood is not contained within vessels)
What are the benefits of having a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system?
- Closed circulatory systems are faster and have more efficient transport due to large gas exchange in capillaries (which allows verterbrates to be more active)
What are the benefits of a double circulatory system over a single circulatory system?
Blood undergoes a second pump which increase pressure and circulation time.
Hormones are delivered faster and mammals (+ birds) can have a higher metabolic rate
Metabolic rate = how much energy an organism can use within a given time
What type of circulatory system do frogs have?
Amphibians have three chambered hearts (one ventricle) - so oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is mixed
Disadvantage = lower metabolic rate
What does the red, yellow and green line represent?
Which arrow represents when the semi-lunar valves open?
A
Which arrow represents when the semi-lunar valves close?
B
Which arrow represents when the left atrioventricular valve opens?
D
Which arrow represents when the right atrioventricular valve opens?
D
Which arrow represents when the left atrioventricular valve closes?
C
Which arrow represents when the right atrioventricular valve closes?
C
What does LDL stand for?
Low density lipo-proteins
What does HDL stand for?
High density lipo-proteins
