paper 1 Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose is called ______.
respiration.
What are the two types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue? A) Muscle B) Epithelial C) Organelle D) Connective
C) Organelle.
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To act as catalysts and speed up reactions.
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True.
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
Fill in the blank: The equation for photosynthesis is ______ + ______ → ______ + ______.
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.
What is the function of chlorophyll?
To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria.
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
True.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.
Fill in the blank: The genetic material of a cell is composed of ______.
DNA.
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis? A) Roots B) Stems C) Leaves D) Flowers
C) Leaves.
What is the role of the xylem in plants?
To transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
True or False: The phloem transports glucose and other nutrients throughout the plant.
True.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Fill in the blank: The process of cell differentiation leads to the formation of ______ cells.
specialized.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
Multiple Choice: Which system in the body is responsible for hormone production? A) Circulatory B) Endocrine C) Nervous D) Respiratory
B) Endocrine.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
True or False: All mutations are harmful to an organism.
False.
What is natural selection?
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Fill in the blank: The theory of evolution was proposed by ______.
Charles Darwin.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Temperature B) Soil type C) Plants D) Water
C) Plants.
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
To break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients.
True or False: In a food chain, energy is transferred from producers to consumers.
True.
What is the primary source of energy for nearly all ecosystems?
Sunlight.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the basic unit of heredity.
gene.
What is the function of the pancreas?
To produce digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for immune response? A) Red blood cells B) Platelets C) White blood cells D) Plasma
C) White blood cells.
What is the function of hemoglobin?
To transport oxygen in the blood.
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True.
What is the role of the liver in the body?
To detoxify substances, synthesize proteins, and produce biochemicals necessary for digestion.
Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
circulatory.
What is the purpose of the immune system?
To protect the body against infection and disease.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Thalamus
B) Cerebellum.
What is a reflex action?
An automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought.
True or False: Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
True.
What is the function of the skin?
To protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outermost layer of the skin.
epidermis.
Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin D.
What is the role of the kidneys?
To filter blood and produce urine.
True or False: The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange.
True.
What is the primary function of the lungs?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Fill in the blank: The tube that carries air to the lungs is called the ______.
trachea.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? A) Growth B) Inability to reproduce C) Lack of response to stimuli D) Absence of metabolism
A) Growth.
What is the process of excretion?
The removal of waste products from the body.
True or False: All living organisms require water to survive.
True.
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy.
Fill in the blank: Proteins are made up of long chains of ______.
amino acids.
Multiple Choice: Which nutrient is essential for building and repairing tissues? A) Fats B) Carbohydrates C) Proteins D) Vitamins
C) Proteins.
What is the role of vitamins in the body?
To support various biochemical functions and maintain health.
True or False: Fats are a concentrated source of energy.
True.
What is the function of dietary fiber?
To aid in digestion and promote bowel health.
Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms obtain and use food is called ______.
nutrition.
What is a pathogen?
An organism that causes disease.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a viral disease? A) Tuberculosis B) Malaria C) Influenza D) Cholera
C) Influenza.
True or False: Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system.
True.
What is the primary purpose of antibiotics?
To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Fill in the blank: ______ is the study of how diseases affect the body.
Pathology.
What is the role of the spleen?
To filter blood and help the immune system.
Multiple Choice: Which type of immunity is gained through vaccination? A) Innate B) Adaptive C) Passive D) Active
D) Active.
True or False: Allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system.
True.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
To transport lymph and help the immune system.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a part of the brain that regulates body temperature.
hypothalamus.
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
To transmit signals across a synapse between neurons.
Multiple Choice: What is the primary role of the cerebrum? A) Coordination B) Sensory processing C) Memory D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
True or False: The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.
True.
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
To produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the brain responsible for breathing and heart rate.
brainstem.
