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Citizenship > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is identity?

A

Our sense of who we are.

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2
Q

What is the UK?

A

A single nation state consisting of 4 constituent nations.

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3
Q

What is immigration?

A

Moving to and settling in another country.

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4
Q

What is emigration?

A

Leaving a country with the intention of settling elsewhere

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5
Q

3 Causes of immigration?

A

Higher standards of living
Improved human rights
More jobs available

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6
Q

3 Causes of emigration?

A

Civil war
lack of jobs
lack of healthcare

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7
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 1950s and 60s?

A

The Windrush Generation

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8
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 1970s and 80s?

A

South Asians to Bradford and London

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9
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 90s and 2000s?

A

End of the Cold War and increased wages in the UK

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10
Q

What are 3 features of the changing nature of the UK population?

A

Increased diversity
Increasingly ageing population
Increasingly urban population

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11
Q

What are the 5 key values of the UK?

A

Democracy
Tolerance
Diversity
Rule of Law
Constitutional Monarchy

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12
Q

What are examples of human rights?

A

Right to life
Right to freedom from torture
Right to freedom of religion

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13
Q

What are examples of political rights?

A

Right to vote
Right to free speech
Right to a secret ballot

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14
Q

What are examples of moral rights?

A

Right to education
Right to freedom of expression
Rights to be credited

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15
Q

What are examples of legal rights?

A

Right to a fair trial
Equal under Law
Innocent until proven guilty

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16
Q

What are the 3 international treaties?

A

UN Declaration on Human Rights (1948)

European Convention on Human Rights

UNCR

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17
Q

What are 3 features of local govt?

A

Deal with local issues

Funded by council tax and national govt

Elected in local elections

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18
Q

What are 3 features of a devolved govt?

A

To have power over most issues in a constituent nation of the UK

Elected by a constituent nation of the UK

Can’t dictate foreign affairs

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19
Q

Define voter turnout

A

The number of people who do vote in a constituency COMPARED to those who CAN.

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20
Q

What are three factors affecting voter turnout?

A

Weather
Voter Apathy
Whether they live in a safe seat

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21
Q

What are the two types of tax?

A

Direct and indirect

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22
Q

What is an example of indirect tax?

A

VAT

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23
Q

What are two examples of direct tax?

A

Fines
Income Tax

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24
Q

What are common right wing views?

A

Low tax
Limited Public Services
Low spending

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25
Q

What are common left wing views?

A

High Tax
High spending
More public services

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26
Q

How many constituencies are there in the UK?

A

650

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27
Q

How many seats does a party need to win to form a single-party government?

A

326

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28
Q

What are the advantages of First Past The Post?

A

Strong single-party govt produced

Easy to understand

MPs have strong links to their constituents

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29
Q

What are the disadvantages of First Past The Post?

A

Smaller parties are under-represented

Elections can be won by a party with less than 50% of votes - not a true representation

Some votes don’t count (safe seats)

30
Q

What are the three parts of government?

A

The Executive

The Legislature

The Judiciary

31
Q

What is the Executive part of Government? What does it do?

A

The Prime Minister and his Cabinet

Takes Action

32
Q

What is the Legislature part of Government? What does it do?

A

Parliament

votes on / amends legislation

33
Q

What is the Judiciary part of Government? What does it do?

A

The courts and Judges

Interprets law and sets Legal Precedent

34
Q

What is common law?

A

Laws created by a body of judges, when there’s no existing legal precedent.

35
Q

What are the members of the HOC?

A

The Speaker
The Black Rod
The Whips
The Front benches

36
Q

What does the speaker do in parliament?

A

Manages debates/votes held in parliament

37
Q

What does the Black Rod do in parliament?

A

Responsible for security in parliament

Acts as a link between the Lords and the monarch

Invites MPs to hear the Monarch’s speech

38
Q

What do the whips do in Parliament?

A

Ensure MPs vote with their party.

39
Q

What is representative democracy?

A

When the public elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf

40
Q

What is direct democracy?

A

When the public vote directly on issues e.g. in a referendum

41
Q

What’s a dictatorship?

A

A state ruled by a group/ leaders who have little-to-no limitations.

42
Q

What are 3 democratic values?

A

Equality
The rule of law
Legal rights

43
Q

What is the role of the government?

A

To make policy decisions

Proposing legislation in parliament

Handling crises

44
Q

What is the role of the Prime Minister?

A

To lead their political party

Setting government direction

Appointing cabinet ministers

45
Q

What is the role of Parliament?

A

Vote on passing legislation

Amending Legislation

Hold government to account (PM’s Questions)

46
Q

What is the role of the Monarch?

A

Figurehead for the UK

Weekly meeting with PM

Experienced advisor for govt

47
Q

What are the features of the UK’s Constitution?

A

Uncodified

Multiple sources:
Precedent
Legislation by Parliament
Common law

48
Q

What are the principles of law?

A

Equality before law
Presumption of innocence
Right to legal representation
Right to a fair trial

49
Q

What are examples of balancing rights to ensure justice/fairness?

A

Employers right to make money VS employee right to fair treatment

Free speech VS national security

50
Q

What are the roles of Police?

A

To ensure the safety of the public

To investigate reported crimes

To enforce Laws

51
Q
A
52
Q

What is criminal law?

A

Law that deals with issues between individual and state

53
Q

What is civil law?

A

Deals with disputes between individuals and organisations

54
Q

What are the different civil courts in the UK (in order)?

A
  1. Supreme court
  2. Court of Appeals
  3. High Court of Justice
  4. County courts
55
Q

What are the different criminal courts in the UK (in order)?

A
  1. Supreme Court
  2. Court of Appeal
  3. Crown Court
  4. Magistrate
56
Q

What are the features of the Scottish legal system?

A

15 people per jury, not 12

3 possible verdicts: Not guilty, not proven, guilty

No right to trial by jury

57
Q

What is the age of criminal responsibility in the uk?

A

10 years old

58
Q

When was the magna carta made? What did it state?

A

1215

Right of churches to be free from govt

Monarch is subject to law

Right to fair trial

59
Q

What did the Human rights act do?

A

Implement ECHR rights into UK law.

60
Q

What did the Equality Act do?

A

Provide a legal basis for making discrimination a crime

61
Q

What are Trade Unions?

A

Organisations that represent workers in a specific field.

62
Q

What are 3 features of Trade Unions?

A

Campaign for higher wages

Campaign for better workplace conditions

Employees can’t be stopped from joining

63
Q

What are the factors effecting crime rates?

A

Levels of education

Number of police in an area

Levels of sentencing (higher sentences in an area deter crime)

64
Q

What are 4 types of sentencing?

A

Prison sentences

Community service

Custodial sentences

Fines

65
Q

What is community service?

A

Unpaid hours of work, helping local community

66
Q

What are custodial sentences?

A

An order to attend a police station regularly

67
Q

What are the causes of sentencing?

A

Public Protection

Rehabilitation / reformation

Severity of crime committed

Deterrence

Legislation

68
Q

5 Aims of punishment?

A

Deterrence
Public Protection
Reformation
Reparation
Retribution (revenge)

69
Q

What are 3 features of the youth legal system?

A

Carer must be informed of arrests

Minor offences are tried in Youth courts

More lenient sentencing

70
Q

What is the aim of the youth political system?

A

To prevent reoffending

Citizenship (2 decks)

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