Paper 1 Flashcards
Define multi- store model of memory
- a representation of how memory works
- stores: sensory register, STM and LTM
- describes how info is transferred from one store to another and how it is remembered + forgotten
what is coding
the formation which info is stored in various memory stores
what is capacity
amount of info that can be held in a memory store
what us duration
length of time info can be held in memory
what is research into coding
Baddeley:
- groups of words: acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar and semantically dissimilar.
- acoustically similar words were harder to recall in right order immediately
- After 20 mins it was harder to recall semantically similar words
- Info is coded semantically in LTM
what is research into capacity
Jacobs: participants had to recall string of digits in right order, adding one each time until they couldn’t recall in correct order.
- letters was 7.3, digits was 9.3
Research into chunking
- Miller: 7 days of the week, 7 notes on music scale
- suggests capacity of STM is 7 items plus/minus 2
- recall is helped by chunking sets of digits or letters
research into duration of STM
- Peterson & Peterson: shown nonsense trigrams and asked to recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 secs. Asked to count backwards in 3’s as interference
- 3 secs recall was 80%
- 18 secs recall was 10%
- without recall STM is 18 secs
research on duration of LTM
- Bahrick: 392 ppts recall tested on high school yearbook by photo recognition or free recall where ppts recalled all names from graduating class
- participants tested in 15 years after graduation were 90% accurate in photo recognition, after 48 yrs 70%
- free recall was 60% after 15 years and 30% after 48 yrs
- LTM can last a long time
evaluations of Baddeley’s study
- artificial stimuli
- words had no personal meaning to stimuli
- cant generalise to other types of memory tasks when processing meaningful info
- findings have limited application
evaluation of of jacob’s study
- confounding variables not controlled
- ppts may have been distracted while being tested
- research has been replicated which support its validity
evaluations of Miller’s study
- may have overestimated capacity of STM
- Cowan reviewed research and concluded capacity of STM was 4 chunks
evaluation of peterson and peterson
- artificial stimulus
- trying to remember consonant syllables does not reflect real life memory
- lacks external validity
evaluation of bahricks study
- has high external validity as real life meaningful memories were studied
- confounding variables were not controlled as participants may have looked at yearbook and rehearsed memory over years
types of stores in sensory register
- iconic memory (visual info coded visually)
- echoic memory (sound/ acoustic info coded acoustically)
- only lasts briefly in sensory register
- wont pass further into memory unless you pay attention
