paper 1

Question 1

kinetic energy equation

Answer 1

Ek(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed (m/s)^2

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

the energy stored in moving objects

stationary objects have no kinetic energy

Question 3

Example: driving a car

Answer 3

chemical energy stored in petrol –> kinetic energy store of the moving car.

Question 4

question: a car with the mass of 700 kg is moving with a speed of 20m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car

Answer 4

EK= 0.5 x m(kg) x v^2
Ek= 0.5 x 700 x 20^2
Ek = 1400,000 j
Ek = 140 kj

Question 5

kinetic energy triangle

Answer 5

. kinetic energy

 1/2                                Mass (kg)                      Speed (m/s)

Question 6

elastic potential energy

Answer 6

energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object.

Question 7

elastic potential energy explanation

Answer 7

when we stretch a spring we’re applying a FORCE to change the LENGTH of the spring.

applying a force like this is called doing “WORK”

we’re putting ENERGY in to stretch the spring. the stretched spring is string .

The stretched spring is strong this energy and we call that energy ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

Question 8

extension

Answer 8

the amount of force(n) that is acting upon the spring this is given in the symbol (e)

directly proportional to the force but there is a limit of proportionality and will not return to its original length if the force is removed

Question 9

elastic potential energy equation

Answer 9

Ee = 0.5 x k x e^2
EPE (J) spring constant (n/M) extension

Question 10

formula triangle

Answer 10

. EPE

1/2                             spring constant (K)                        extension (e^2)

Question 11

gravitational potential energy

Answer 11

is the energy stored in an object due to its position above the earth’s surface. due to the force of gravity

Question 12

gravitational potential energy

Answer 12

Ep = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height(m)

Question 13

specific heat capacity

Answer 13

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degrees

Question 14

specific heat capacity

Answer 14

change in T energy (J) = mass(kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg) x change in tem(c)

Question 15

specific heat capacity formula triangle

Answer 15

. change in energy

mass (kg) specific heat capacity change in temp (C)

Question 16

the law of conservation of energy

Answer 16

energy can transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 17

system

Answer 17

a group of objects

Question 18

closed system

Answer 18

no energy can enter or leave

Question 19

pendulum system

Answer 19

top of the swing is the max GPE and it is transferred to the kinetic energy store at the bottom the mass experiences the maximum KE of the mass and that kinetic energy is transferred again to GPE

the thermal energy created by friction is wasted and is being dissipated which will cause the pendulum to swing and eventually stop.

Question 20

bungee jump system

Answer 20

1. gravitational potential energy in the store of the jumper
2. as the jumper jumps the gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy
3. when the bunge is just about to tighten that’s when the kinetic energy is the most
4. then when the rope is fully extended there is no longer any kinetic energy
5. then all the energy is transferred to the elastic energy store

the jumper never returns back to it original position as the thermal energy is dissipated via friction with air particles.

Question 21

work

Answer 21

work is done whenever energy is transferred from one store to another

Question 22

mechanical work

Answer 22

involves using a force to move an object

Question 23

electrical work involves

Answer 23

a current transferring energy

Question 24

work done example: dog pulling a sled

Answer 24

chemical store in the dog ——-> transferred to the kinetic energy store in the moving sledge ———-> thermal energy stores in he sled and into the ground

the dog is using a force of 50N and the sled is moving 3 metres

Question 25

work done equation

Answer 25

work done (J) + Force (N) x Distance (M)

Question 26

power

Answer 26

the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

Question 27

power equation (energy transferred )

Answer 27

. energy transferred (J) power (W) = ----------------------------------- . time (s)

Question 28

power equation ( work done )

Answer 28

. work done (J) power (W) = -------------------------------------- . time (S)

Question 29

what is a watt

Answer 29

1 watt (W) is an energy transfer ( or work done of 1 (J) per second

Question 30

efficiency equation ( energy transfer )

Answer 30

. useful output energy transfer efficiency = ------------------------------------------- . total input energy transfers

Question 31

efficiency equation ( power)

Answer 31

. useful power output efficiency = -------------------------------------------------- . total power

Question 32

thermal conductivity

Answer 32

the unit of the rate of energy transfer by conductivity across that material

Question 33

specific heat capacity

Answer 33

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg by 1c

Question 34

specific heat capacity required practical

Answer 34

1. place beaker on a balance and press zero 2. place 1 kg of oil in the beaker 3. put an immersion heater and a thermometer in the oil 4. read and record the starting temp of the oil. 5. wrap the beaker in insulating foam 6. attach A joulemeter and a power pack to the immersion heater 7. leave for 30 minutes 8. read the total number of joules that passed into the immersion heater and the final temp 9. use equation to calculate the specific heat capacity

Question 35

sources of inaccuracy

Answer 35

1. thermal energy leaking out of the beaker - to prevent this make sure your wrap in an insulator with a low thermal conductivity. 2. not all thermal energy is passing into the oil - ensure the immersion heater is fully submerged 3. incorrectly reading the thermometer - use an electronic temperature probe 4. thermal energy might not be spread through the oil - stir the oil

Question 36

fosil fuel advantages

Answer 36

1. fossil fuels are reliable they always provide energy when we need it 2. they release lots of energy 3. they are abundant and are relatively cheap 4. they are very versatile, they can be used for heating, factories, and transport.

Question 37

fosil fuel disadvantages

Answer 37

1. burning fossil fuels release a huge amount of co2 2. fossil fuels are nonrenewable so they are not being replaced as we use them so they will run out 3. they can release other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide 4.

Question 38

nuclear power

Answer 38

nuclear power is non-renewable as it runs on the elements uranium and plutonium

Question 39

nuclear power adv

Answer 39

1. does not release carbon dioxide 2. it is extremely reliable it generates a lot of electricity exactly when we want it

Question 40

nuclear power dis adv

Answer 40

1. they contain highly dangerous radioactive materials. if there's an accident then these materials could be released into the environment 2. when the power plants are done they need to be decommissioned which takes a lot of time and is extremely expensive 3. at the end of the power plants life it creates large amounts of highly dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before its safe.

Question 41

the UKs energy stores

Answer 41

1. the uk has an abundance of coal, which was the source of almost all the UKs power until 1950. 2. nuclear power takes up about 20%of the uks electricity. 3. oil and gas from the north sea began to replace coal for electricity generation 4. gas generates less co2 than burning coal which contributes less to climate change. 5. gas fired power stations can be turned om quickly during periods of high demand ( short startup time)

Question 42

renewable energy in the uk

Answer 42

in 2005 the kyoto protocol committed countries to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. the uk has one of the best positions foe wind farms in the world and has opened up a large number of wind farms over the uk wind is now 11% of uk power one disadvantage of renewables is that they are unreliable as if there is less wind the wind turbines will generate less energy.

Question 43

the future of uk energy

Answer 43

tio make sure that the uks energy is consistent we need a baseload which is a constant supply of electricity; nuclear power is ideal gas fired power stations can provide emergency power in times of peak demand

Question 44

renewable energy

Answer 44

a renewable energy source is one that is being (or can be replenished as it is used)