Paper 1 Flashcards
Explain buses and dedicated register used to run this line: LDA 11
-The memory location 11 is stored in MAR
-Sent down the address bus
-**Read signal sent from control bus
-Data sent to MDR from data bus
- Data copies to Accumulator
What are advantages of open source software
-Free
-Can be tailored for their needs changed and shared
-Errors can be fixed by a community
Advantages of Encapsulation
-Reduce chances of errors by hiding variables as private variables
-protects data/can’t be accidentally changed
Same idea for local variables- which makes functions independent->reusable components
Advantage/Disadvantage of Automation
+more accurate better
+24/7 works
+cheaper no wage paid
-may not understand Natural language
-Power cut/system failure
-may not react correctly to emergencies
-VULNERABLE TO HACKING
Functions of OS
-memory management
-device drivers
-UI
-Security
-process management-scheduler-multitasking
Use cases for asymmetric and symmetric encryption
Assymetric-good for online data exchange because key can’t get intercepted ex. HTTPS/ messaging/banking
Symmetric-good if same person encrypts and decrypts for ex. File backup
What does ROM CMOS RAM store
Ram-data and instructions of currently running programs
Rom-Bootup instructions
CMOS- time date and Bios configuration
Uses of hashing
-Proof of state
-Hash passwords and add salt for security
-Hash table allows direct access O(1) fast search
What affects pagerank
-pagerank of linking sites
-number of sites that link to the website
-number of outwards links
Client-Server Advantages vs peer to peer
Client server-centralized computer
More secure /easy to maintain and backup/only one point of failure
Peer 2 peer
Doesn’t have one point of failure
Cheaper
Server Side vs Client Side processing
Client Side(js): good for interactions and responsiveness. Code is visible and some browsers block js. Reduces load on server with validation.
Server Side: good for critical decissions/security reasons - validate on both sides
Packet vs Circuit Switching
Packet Switching: packets follow different paths using routers. More secure/ more efficient/in case of cable failure packets follow different paths
Circuit Switching:direct link established
Wastes bandwidth
What is TCP/IP stack
Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
Protocols - set of rules that define methods of communications
Every layer has different protocol
Data is encapsulated along these layers
Application
Transport
Internet
Link
What is embedded operating system
System software that manages the device
For specific purpose
Usually OS stored in ROM
What is a multi core processor
A processor with more than one processing unit
Which can process multiple instructions at the same time
What is a device driver
Allows OS to communicate with a pheripheral
How to handle has table collisions
Chaining-create a linked list
Linear Probing-move to next free space
Utility software
System software that is used for maintenance and security of OS
Application Software
Perform tasks for the user
Usually generic tasks
General Purpose/Special Purpose
Special
-off the shelf
-bespoke
What is done in Lexical Analysis
-Comments are removed
-variables added to symbol table
-words turned into tokens
What is a network switch
Joins devices on a LAN
Only sends packets to the device with correct MAC address
What is indexed addressing mode
The operand+index register value= address to fetch from
What are advantages of encapsulation
Enforces validation in the method
Attributes can’t be accidentally changed
How does search engine indexing work
Web crawler traverses from page to page by following the links and records text/meta tag and position of words
