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CHEMISTRY AQA TRIPLEEEEEEE > PAPER 1 > Flashcards

PAPER 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass for an element based on its isotopes

A

mass number of isotopes one multiplied by percentage abundance of isotope 1+ mass number of isotope two times percentage abundance of isotope two all divided by 100

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2
Q

What happens to all metals electrons when they react

A

They lose electrons to achieve a full outer energy level

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3
Q

What is an ion

A

Ion is when an element is overall negatively or positively charged due to losing or gaining electrons during a reaction.

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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6
Q

What do you aCIDS produce an aqueous solutions

A

Hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What happens when you place nitric acid in aqueous solution

A

It forms hydrogen ions and NO3-

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7
Q

What are bases and what can they produce

A

Bases are chemicals which can neutralise acids producing a salt and water

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8
Q

What happens when you place sulphuric acid in aqueous solution

A

It forms two positively charged hydrogen ions along with SO4 2-

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9
Q

What are bases which are soluble in water called

A

Alkalis

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10
Q

What do alkalis produce an aqueous solution

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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11
Q

The pH scale goes from 0 to 14 what do each of these numbers mean

A

Numbers 0 to 6 mean that they are an acid, number 8 to 14 means it is an alkali and Number 7 means that it is neutral

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12
Q

What are the two ways to determine the pH of a substance

A

A pH probe determines the pH electronically and universal indicator which indicates the pH using a colour with seven being neutral and red being extremely acidic with dark purple being extremely alkaline

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13
Q

What is the neutralisation reaction between an acid and an Alkali

A

When we reacts an acid with an alkali the hydrogen irons reacts with the hydroxide ions to produce water
Acids produce the hydrogen ion H plus and alkaline produce the hydroxide ion OH minus

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14
Q

What is the definition for relative formula mass

A

The relative formula mass of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula

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15
Q

What is a key factor when you are calculating the relative formula mass of something

A

No using the big number in front of the thing

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16
Q

How do you work out the number of moles in an element

A

You divide the mass by the relative atomic mass

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17
Q

How do you balance equations using moles

A

First figure out the number of moles per compound then divide each number of moles by the smallest amount of moles it’s hard to explain just look at the free science videos man

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17
Q

What number is Avagadros constant

A

6.02×10^23

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17
Q

How do you calculate the number of atoms in a substance

A

Multiply the number of moles buy avocados constant

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18
Q

What are the attributes of a strong acid

A

They fully ionise in aqueous solutions

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19
Q

What are the attributes of a weak acid

A

They only partially ionise in aqueous solutions

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20
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

An electrolyte is simply a solution that can conduct electricity for example a solution of an ionic compound

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21
Q

Name some key facts about cells

A

a cell only produce electricity for a certain period of time eventually the chemicals in the cell run out and the reaction stops
Cells can only produce electricity if we use metals with different reactivities.
And the greater the difference between the reactivity of the metals the greater the potential difference produced by the cell
The electrolytes also affects the potential difference

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22
Q

are alkaline batteries nonrechargeable

A

YES

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23
Q

What are some advantages of hydrogen fuel cells when compared to rechargeable batteries

A

Hydrogen fuel cells will produce electricity for as long as you provide hydrogen where is rechargeable batteries run out and need to be recharged
hydrogen fuel cells do not get less efficient the longer they run whereas rechargeable batteries can store less electricity the more charging cycles they go through and eventually need to be replaced
finally hydrogen fuel cells can be a source of drinkable water for example on a spacecraft rechargeable batteries cannot

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24
Q

What are some disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cells when compared to rechargeable batteries

A

Hydrogen fuel cells run in hydrogen which is an explosive gas and is very difficult to store safely where is the rechargeable batteries no dangerous fields are required with them, however some types of rechargeable batteries can catch fire of the incorrectly manufactured
Hydrogen fuel cells produce a relatively low potential difference or voltage so several are needed auto be placed together rechargeable batteries can produce a great potential difference than a hydrogen fuel cell

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25
Q

Key facts about electrolysis

A

Solid ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity
the ions are locked in place and are not free to move
However when ionic compound is melting of dissolved in water the forces of attraction are broken and the ions are free to move and conduct electricity

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25
Q

The half equation for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide

A

AL3+ plus 3E- ——-> AL

26
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom with a charge

27
Q

What ions to to do metals and non metals typically form

A

Metals form positive ions and most nonmetals form negative ions

28
Q

Nonmetal ions are positive

A

H+ a hydrogen ion and NH4+ - ammonium

28
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes

28
Q

Do we use large numbers to calculate RFM

A

No do not use the big numbers

29
Q

How to calculate percentage by mass of an element

A

The RAM divided by the RFM

29
Q

How do we calculate the mass of a compound given the mass of an element and the RAM of everything

A

Find the moles and multiply the rfm of a compound by the moles

29
Q

What is the limiting reactant in the equation and excess reactant

A

The limiting reactant is what is use typically in order to end the reaction(it should be used up when the reaction finishes) the excess reactant will be present after the reaction

30
Q

What is the formula for concentration

A

Mass( G) / volume (DM^3)=Concentration(g/dm^3)

31
Q

What happens to the concentration if we increase the mass of solid and keep the volume the same

A

The concentration increases

32
Q

What happens if we increase the volume of solution and keep the mass of the solute the same

A

Concentration decreases

33
Q

Why is it not always possible to achieve 100% yield in a chemical reaction

A

Some of the products may be lost when it separated from the reaction mixture,
some of the reactions may react in different ways the expected reaction so we did not get the product we expect
Reversible reactions may not go to completion

34
Q

What is the formula for percentage yield

A

Actual product / theoretical mass of product

35
Q

Can we not get greater than 100% yield greater than

A

That would mean we are creating atoms

36
Q

What is after atom economy and why is it important atom economy

A

Atom economy is a measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products
By minimising the production of unwonted products we save money
We increase sustainability by not wasting resources

37
Q

What is the formula for asking economy

A

Desired products/ all reactants

38
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39
Q

How to do weird concentration questions

A

Calculate the moles of one thing which is often equivalent to the moles of the other thing then used most of the other thing divided by the volume of the other thing to get the concentration of the thing

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CHEMISTRY AQA TRIPLEEEEEEE (2 decks)

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