Paper 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the 6 things the skeletal system provides?
-Support
-Mineral Storage
-Structure
-Movement
-Protection
-Blood Cell Production
What are Long bones?
They are bones responsible for different types of movement. Sporting actions are created by long bones through levers
Types of Long bones
-Femur
-Tibia
-Fibula
What are flat bones?
Perform a number of functions such as protection for delicate areas such as the brain. They also provide a broad surface area for muscle attachment
Types of flat bones:
-Cranium
-Scapula
What are short bones?
Light, small and very strong. The primary function is to support the weight of the body and to allow finer and more controlled movements.
What are irregular bones?
Specially shaped bones designed to perform a particular function.
Types of irregular bones:
-patella
- Vertebrae
Features of a joint
Cartilage- a material which covers the end of each bone to help prevent friction and shock between the joint
Joint capsule- the outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and seals the joint attached to the outer layer of the bone
Synovial membrane- the inner lining of the joint capsule which produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid- the fluid which surrounds the joint and acts like ‘oil’. It supplies nutrients to the joint
Ligaments- connect bone to bone
Bursae- cushion between bones and tendons
Types of movement at a joint
Flexion- decrease the angle of bones at a joint
Extension- increasing the angle of bones at a joint
Abduction- movement away from the midline of the body
Addiction- movement towards the midline of the body
Rotation- movement around an axis
Plantar flexion- pointing the toes at the ankle
Dorsi flexion- toes up at the ankle
Types of muscles and their function
Deltoid - Abducts arm at shoulder
Rotator cuff- rotation of shoulder
Pectorals- abducts arm at shoulder
Latissimus dorsi- abducts upper arm at shoulder
Biceps- flexion of arm at shoulder
Triceps- extension of arm at elbow
Abdominals- flexion trunk at hip
Hip flexor- flexion of leg at hip
Gluteals- extension of leg at hip
Hamstring- flexion of leg at knee
Quadriceps- extension of leg at knee
Gastrocnemius- plantar flexion of foot at ankle
Tibialis anterior- Dorsi flexion of foot at ankle
What are the different types of blood vessels and their functions
Artery- carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at HIGH PRESSURE
Vein- carries deoxygenated back into the heart at LOW PRESSURE
Capillary- carries blood to and from body cells
What do valves do?
Valves allow blood to flow in the correct direction (prevent back flow)
They close if blood starts to flow in the wrong direction
Redistribution of blood flow
Vasoconstriction- blood vessels are constricted to make SMALLER. When start exercise the nervous system sends signals to the blood vessels. These signals cause the blood vessels thats supply the inactive areas to constrict, reducing the blood flow
Vasodilation- blood vessels dilate to make them BIGGER. When start exercise the nervous system sends signals to blood vessels. Signals cause the blood vessels that supply the active areas to dilate. This increases the blood flow to the active areas therefore is receives more nutrients and blood
What is anticipatory rise?
An increase in heart rate due to the release of adrenaline. The body detects this and increases heart rate to increase 02 delivery in preparation for exersize
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air inspired or expired per breath
What is Inspiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air the can be breathed IN after tidal volume
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that can be breathed OUT after tidal volume
What is residual volume?
Amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration
What is vital capacity?
The greatest amount of air that can be pushed out of the lungs after the deepest possible breath
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + CO2 + Water
What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose = Energy + Lactic Acid
What is EPOC?
EPOC stands for Excess Post Oxygen Consumption
It is needed to repay oxygen debt
EPOC is the additional amount of 02 consumed after anaerobic exercise during the recovery period, above what would normally be consumed at rest.
It involved deeper and quicker breathing
What are the types of training?
-Fartlek
-Interval
-Weight Training
-Continuous
-Circuit
-Plyometrics
What is Fartlek Training?
Training on different intensities and terrains and gradients.
This is useful to team games however it is too easy to skip hard bits
-Netball
-Football
-Rugby
What is Interval Training?
Interval Training is training at high intensity followed with periods of rest.
This improves speed, power and strength and it’s easy to set up
However lactic acid and EPOC can build up
-200m sprinter
What is weight training?
Form of training that uses progressive resistance against a muscle group.
This is easy to set up and develops power and strength.
However it risks injury and requires spotters for safety
-Weights
