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GCSE PE 2023 > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Role of tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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2
Q

Role of ligaments

A

Bone to bone

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3
Q

Pathway of air

A

Mouth/nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alaveoli

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4
Q

Adaptations of alveoli that promote gaseous exchange

A

Large surface are + One cell thick walls ( short distance for diffusion)
Lots of capillaries (large blood supply) = concentration gradient for diffusion

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5
Q

Artery

A

Function: Carry blood away from the heart
Wall: Thick, muscular walls to withstand blood flowing at high pressure as it leaves the heart.
Lumen : Small

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6
Q

Capppilarie

A

Function: Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients from blood into the body cells
Wall: very thin one cell thick
Lumen: very small, only allows blood to pass through one cell at a time
Other features: walls are made out of a semi permeable membrane to allow diffusion of gases and nutrients

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7
Q

Vein

A

Function: Carry blood towards the heart
Wall : thin
Lumen : large
Other features: contain valves to prevent backflow

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8
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood into right atrium from the vena cava
Atrium contract sand blood is pushed through the valve into the right ventricle
Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood to lungs
Gaseous exchange occurs and blood is oxygenated
Oxygenated blood enters the lefts atrium through the pulmonary vein
Then into left ventricle
Aorta transports oxygenated blood to rest of body

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9
Q

Cardiac output =

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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10
Q

Mechanics of breathing at rest

A

When you inhale diaphragm and intercostals contract to move the rib cage upwards
This decreases the air preassure in the lungs, drawing air in

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11
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air you breathe in or out during one breath

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12
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air you can still inhale after a normal breath

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13
Q

Experotry reserve volume

A

The volume of air you can exhale after a normal breath

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14
Q

Residual volume

A

The volume of air left in your lungs after maximal exhalation

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15
Q

Aerobic excersise

A

Excersie with oxygen

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16
Q

Anaerobic exercise

A

Excersise without oxygen

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17
Q

Anaerobic respiration equation

A

Glucose = energy + lactic acid

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18
Q

Aerobic energy equation

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + energy + water

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19
Q

Immediate effects of excersise

A

Increase in depth and frequency of breathing
Increased heart rate
Increased temperature

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20
Q

Short term affects of excersise

A

Doms
Nausea
Fatigue
Light headed

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21
Q

Long terms affects of excersise

A

Muscular hypertrophy
Bradycardia (lower resting heart rate)
Strength increase
Loss of fat

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22
Q

Mechanical advantage equation

A

Effort arm divided by weight arm

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23
Q

First class lever

A

LFE

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24
Q

Second class lever

A

ELF

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25
Q

Third class lever

A

FEL

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26
Q

Saggital plane =

A

Transverse axis

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27
Q

Frontal plane =

A

Saggiatal axis

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28
Q

Transverse plane =

A

Longitudinal axis

29
Q

Saggital plane movement type

A

Flexion/ extension forwards or backwards

30
Q

Frontal plane movements

A

Abduction adduction left or right

31
Q

Transverse plane movements

A

Rotation clockwise or anti-clockwise

32
Q

Health

A

The state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

33
Q

Fitness

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

34
Q

Cardiovascular endurance

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

35
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability of the muscles to repeatedly undergo contractions without fatigue

36
Q

Strength

A

The amount of force that a muscle or muscle group can apply against a resistance

37
Q

Speed

A

The rate at which someone is able to move to cover a distance in a given amount of time

38
Q

Power

A

A combination of speed and strength

39
Q

Agility

A

The ability to change body position or direction quickly while maintaining control

40
Q

Balance

A

The ability the maintain the body’s centre of mass over a base of suppport

41
Q

Coordination

A

The ability to use two or more parts of the body together efficiently and accurately

42
Q

Reaction time

A

The time taken to move in a response to a stimulus

43
Q

Flexibility

A

The range of movement possible at a joint

44
Q

Reasons for fitness testing

A

Identify strengths and weaknesses
To monitor improvement
To inform training requirements
To set goals

45
Q

Limitations of fitness testing

A

Not sports specific
Do not replicate movements of an activity
Do not replicate competitive conditions required in sports

46
Q

Agility test

A

Illinois agility test

47
Q

Balance

A

Stork test

48
Q

Cardiovascular endurance

A

Multi stage fitness test

49
Q

Coordination

A

Wall toss test

50
Q

Flexibility

A

Sit and tech test

51
Q

Muscular endurance

A

Sit up bleep test

52
Q

Power/ explosive strength

A

Verticle jump test

53
Q

Reaction time

A

Ruler drop test

54
Q

Maximal strength

A

One rep max test

55
Q

Speed

A

30 meter sprint test

56
Q

Strength

A

Handgrip diameter test

57
Q

Maximal strength

A

One rep max test

58
Q

Sport =

A

Specificity
Progressive overload
Reversibility
Tedium

59
Q

Fitt =

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

60
Q

Calculate aerobic training zone

A

60 to 80 percent of maximal heart rate

61
Q

Calculate anaerobic training zone

A

80 - 90 percent of maximal heart rate

62
Q

Three training season

A

Pre season
Post season
Competition

63
Q

Pre season aims

A

General

64
Q

Warming up should include

A

Gradual pulse raiser
Stretching
Skill based practices
Mental preparation
Increase amount of oxygen to working muscles

65
Q

Cooling down should include

A

Maintaining elevated breathing rate
Gradual reduction in intensity
Stretching

66
Q

Benefits of warming up

A

Increased body temperature
Range of movement increased
Gradual increase in effort to full pace
Physiological preparation
Injury prevention

67
Q

Benefits of cooling down

A

Allowing body to recover
The removal of lactic acid
Prevention of Doms
Prevent blood pooling

68
Q

Static strength

A

Static strength – the ability to hold a body part (limb) in a static position.

GCSE PE 2023 (1 decks)

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