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Gcse Pe Paper 1 > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define abduction

A

Moving a body part away from, midpoint of the body

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2
Q

Define addiction

A

Moving a body part toward the mid line of the body

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3
Q

Define flexion

A

Bending a joint to decrease the able between two bones

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4
Q

Define extension

A

Straightening and extending of the joint to increase the angle between two bones or body party

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5
Q

Rotation definition

A

Moving a body part around an axis

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6
Q

What do tendons do

A

Attach muscle to bone

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7
Q

What can a muscle do

A

Only pull

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8
Q

What is the deltoids antagonist pair

A

Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

What is the gastrocnemius antagonistic pair

A

Tibialis anterior

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10
Q

Define antagonist

A

Muscles that produce the opposite movement to an agonist

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11
Q

What joint is the shoulder and what are its articulating bones

A

Ball and socket

Scapula, clavicle and humerus

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12
Q

What joint is the hip and what are its articulating bones

A

Ball and socket

Pelvis and femur

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13
Q

What joint is the ankle and what are its articulating bones

A

Hinge
Tibia
Fibula
Talus

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14
Q

What joint is the elbow and what are its articulating bones

A

Hinge joint

Humerus , radius and ulna

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15
Q

What joint is the knee and what are its articulating bones

A

Hinge joint

Femur, patella , tibia and fibula

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16
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

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17
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Allow the movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other nutrients to and from the surrounding tissues

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18
Q

Adaptations of capillaries

A

Very thin walls to allow substances to move through the cell wall with ease

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19
Q

What are veins

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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20
Q

What is an adaptation of veins

A

Then contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

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21
Q

What do arteries do

A

Picks up oxygenated blood that’s been exited from the heart from the aorta

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22
Q

What happens in inspiration

A

The external intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out
The diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten
Chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to fall
Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure

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23
Q

What happens in expiration

A

The external intercostal muscles relax so the rib cage returns to normal
The diaphragm relaxes pushing it up
The chest cavity gets smaller so pressure in the lungs increases
Air flows out of the lungs

24
Q

What happens during exercise

A

Expiration becomes an active process
The INTERNAL intercostal muscles contract to pull the rib cage down
This increases thoracic pressure more than at rest
Therefore air flow is greater/faster

25
Q

What additional muscles help in inspiration

A

Muscles in the torso such as abdominals and pectorals contract as well pulling the ribs up and out even more helping to expand the chest cavity , therefore decreasing pressure in the lungs
Increases tidal volume

26
Q

What is the tidal volume

A

The normal amount of air inhaled (breathed in) and exhaled (breathed out) per breath.
Increases with exercise

27
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be forced 𝐒𝐧𝐭𝐨 our lungs after tidal volume
Decreases during exercise

28
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal expiration

29
Q

What is the total lung capacity

A

Amount of air the lungs can hold

30
Q

What is vital capacity

A

largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after the deepest possible inspiration.

31
Q

What is residual volume

A

amount of air that remains in the lungs 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐒𝐦𝐚π₯ 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐒𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐒𝐨𝐧.

32
Q

What is an example of an aerobic activity

A

Table tennis

33
Q

What is an example of anaerobic activities

A

Sprinting

34
Q

What are some long term adaptations of improved fitness

A

Increased strength and efficiency of intercostal and diaphragm muscles so more alveoli allowing more oxygen uptake
Improved tolerance to lactic acid build up
Cardiac hypertrophic: lower resting HR and increased stroke volume
Increase in bone density and strength

35
Q

Immediate term effects of exercise

A

Increase in muscle temperature and flexibility

Increased breathing rate and tidal volume

36
Q

Sporting example of rotation

A

Playing a topspin forehand in tennis

37
Q

Sporting example of circumduction

A

Cricket bowler to generate pace on the delivery

38
Q

Sporting example of extension

A

Javelin thrower straightens their arm prior to release

39
Q

Dorsi flexion sporting example

A

When a sprinter drives off out the blocks

40
Q

Plantar flexion sporting example

A

When a basketball player performs a jump shot

41
Q

Abduction sporting example

A

When a goal keeper makes a save

42
Q

Addiction sporting example

A

Bringing the arms back to the centre of of the body when doing breaststroke in swimming

43
Q

Define cardiovascular endurance

A

ability of the heart & lungs to supply Oxygen to working muscles

44
Q

Define strength

A

Ability to overcome resistance

45
Q

Define muscular endurance

A

ability of muscle(s) to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue

46
Q

Define speed

A

maximum rate at which we are able to perform a movement

47
Q

Define power

A

The product of strength and speed

48
Q

Positives of fitness testing

A 
Identifying fitness strengths and weakness 
Monitor improvement 
Establish a baseline 
 Comparison of performers 
Motivation
Setting goals and targets
49
Q

Negatives of fitness testing

A

Tests aren’t always sports specific
Tests dong replicate sporting movements
Does not replicate competitive environment
Can’t always be reliable
Some test may not measure fitness component
Wrong protocols applied

50
Q

What is the goal of a warm up

A

Increase blood flow to the required muscles which increase oxygen and nutrient delivery to those muscles and decrease risk of injury

51
Q

What are the benefits of a warm up

A

Decreased risk of injury
Prevents overheating
Increase range of motion

52
Q

What are the stages of a warm up

A

Pulse raiser
Dynamic and static stretches
Skill practise
Mental rehearsal

53
Q

What is the goal of a cool down

A

Return body’s systems to pre exercise conditions
Reduces breathing rate
Decrease muscle temperature
Heart rate returns to normal

54
Q

What are the benefits of a cool down

A

Dissipate lactic acid away from muscles

Prevent blood pooling

55
Q

How should you cool down

A

Light jog

Static stretching holding stretch for 12-30 seconds

Gcse Pe Paper 1 (1 decks)

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