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Computer Science > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you convert from Binary to Hexadecimal?

A
  1. Split the binary string up into nibbles (remember a nibble = 4 bits)
  2. Work out the decimal value for each nibble
  3. Convert the decimal value into it’s hex equivalent
  4. String together the hex values
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2
Q

How do you convert from Hexadecimal to Denary?

A
  1. Write the place headings above the hexadecimal digits.
  2. If there are letters, convert them to their decimal equivalent.
  3. Multiply the value by the place heading.
  4. Add these values together
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3
Q

How do you convert from Decimal to Hexadecimal?

A
  1. Work out how many 16s there are in the number
  2. Write this number under the 16s column
  3. Write the remainder under the 1s column
  4. Convert these to hexadecimal digits (if applicable)
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4
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Lossy compression is a method of data compression in which the size of the file is reduced by eliminating data in the file. In doing so, image quality is sacrificed to decrease file size.

The original bit depth is reduced to remove data and reduce the file size.

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5
Q

What are some examples of lossy compression?

A

JPEG image, MPEG video and MP3 audio formats.

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6
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Lowsless compression means that as the file size is compressed, the picture quality remains the same - it does not get worse. The file can be decompressed to its original quality.

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7
Q

What are some examples of lossless compression?

A

GZIP, Brotli, WebP, PNG

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8
Q

What are some differences between lossy and lossless?

A

Lossless compression means that as the file size is compressed, the picture quality remains the same. Lossy compression permanently removes data.

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9
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers.

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10
Q

What are the common Protocols?

A

Ethernet
IP (Internet Protocol)
HTTP/S (HyperText Transfer Protocol/Secure)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Transfer Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name Server)

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11
Q

What are the 4 layers?

A
  1. Application layer
  2. Transport layer
  3. Internet layer
  4. Link layer
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12
Q

What does the application layer do?

A

This is where the network applications, such as web browsers or email programs operate. It is also where the transfer and email protocols operate.

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13
Q

What does the Transport layer do?

A

This layer sets up the communication between the two hosts and they agree setting such as ‘language’ and size of packets. This is where the transmission protocols operate.

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14
Q

What dies the Internet layer do?

A

This layer addresses and packages data for transmission, and is responsible for routing the packets across the network. This is where the addressing protocol (IP) operates.

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15
Q

What does the link layer do?

A

This is where the network hardware such as the NIC is located. OS device drivers also sit here.

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16
Q

State the protocol: Controls how web-pages are sent through the internet.

A

HTTP

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17
Q

State the protocol: Controls how files are uploaded and downloaded on the internet.

A

FTP

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18
Q

State the protocol: Controls how emails are sent between mail servers.

A

SMTP

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19
Q

State the protocol: Controls how data packets are sent through cables.

A

Ethernet

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20
Q

State the protocol: Controls how packets are reliably prepared and sent through the internet.

A

TCP

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21
Q

State the protocol: Controls how web-pages are sent through the internet using encryption.

A

HTTPS

22
Q

State the protocol: Controls how data packets are sent wirelessly.

A

Wi-Fi / WiFi

23
Q

State the protocol: Controls the addressing of packets on the internet.

A

IP

24
Q

State the protocol: Controls how emails are downloaded from mail servers.

A

IMAP

25
Q

State the protocol: Controls how packets are quickly prepared and sent through the internet.

A

UDP

26
Q

State two differences between a LAN (Local Area Network) and a WAN (Wide Area Network)

A

A LAN has a smaller geographic area, although WAN’s have wider geographic areas.

A LAN runs faster, where as a WAN runs slower.

27
Q

Is the internet an example of a WAN?

A

Yes

28
Q

Explain how a DNS server is used to access a website given the address the user has entered.

A

When the user types the address into the URL the domain name is looked up and finds the matching one. The browser sends a request to the IP address for the page you are looking for.

29
Q

Give two advantages of using a DNS server to convert website addresses.

A

DNS servers help you find the website with your web browser by typing the name of the website.

Instead of an IP address or a string of numbers, you enter the domain name which makes searching a lot easier.

30
Q

Describe how packets of data are used to send data across the internet.

A

Data is broken down into packets of data and the recipient’s IP address is given and the packet of data is sent over to the recipient, the packets can go through different route’s, deciding which is best.

31
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.

32
Q

Explain the benefits of using layers.

A

Each layer is self contained (so changing won’t affect other layers).

People managing the network won’t have to worry about how other areas work and concentrate on one.

33
Q

What are the three main network topologies

A

Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology

34
Q

State one advantage and one disadvantage of a mesh network over a star network.

A

Star has a central hub, which if it fails, the whole network fails, where as if one node in the mesh network fails, it doesn’t affect everything else.

Mesh networks are a lot more expensive, where as star networks are cost efficient.

35
Q

What is Encryption?

A

Encryiption is a process of encoding something to lock it away so other users cannot access it, such as message, only certain people can see it.

36
Q

State one type of encryption that could be used on a Wi-Fi connection.

A

WPA

37
Q

A connection will be used for playing multiplayer computer games and streaming TV via the internet.

Explain one factor that may affect the performance of this network.

A

Latency will be a problem since multiple devices are using the same network at a time.

38
Q

State two factors that may cause interference of the Wi-Fi signal for a network?

A

Objects blocking the signal

Multiple devices on the network

39
Q

What protoco would be used to send an email?

A

SMTP

40
Q

Describe what happens to an email.

A

The email is sent to an SMTP server, it’s forwarded to a mail server, and route’s to the recipients mail server.

41
Q

Explain a difference between POP and IMAP.

A

POP allows users to download emails in the mail server but then deleted from the server

IMAP will store the email on the server, and can be accessed from multiple devices, but if deleted from one device, it’s deleted from all devices.

42
Q

Define the meaning of the Cloud.

A

A server that is accessible through the internet.

43
Q

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using cloud services to the agency.

A

Advantage: Data is stored remotely

Disadvantage: It will take a while to get your data needed

44
Q

What does Virtual Memory do?

A

Virtual memory enables data that is in RAM and not currently being used to be transferred to the hard disk. This frees up room in RAM for other programs and data.

Using virtual memory makes a computer run slower, as the processor has to wait while data is swapped between hard disk and RAM.

45
Q

What is Virtual Memory?

A

Virtual memory is a section of volatile memory created temporarily in the storage drive. It is created when a computer is running many processes at once and RAM is running low.

46
Q

What does an operating system manage?

A
  • The user interface
  • Memory Management
  • Multitasking
  • Peripheral management and drivers
  • User Management
  • File Management
47
Q

What type of user interface does a smartphone have?

A

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

48
Q

List differences between a mobile phone and desktop PC that affect how the user interface operates.

A

Smartphone: Fingerprints, Face ID, Touchscreen

Desktop PC: Require a password, Uses hardware

49
Q

What are some benefits of social media?

A

Building relationships with other people, Educate yourself

50
Q

What are some disadvantages of social media?

A

Decreases Face to Face Communication Skills,
Lacks emotional connection,
Faciliates laziness

51
Q

What are some negative impacts in the environment and the people of the use of computers and electronic devices?

A
  • Toxic chemicals released
  • Soil impacted (crops)
  • Water impacted
  • Air impacted (pollution)
52
Q

What are some positives of technology on the environment?

A
  • Gives people a job
  • People make a use of E-Waste
  • People make shelter of E-Waste
  • Selling components, material and scrap

Computer Science (5 decks)

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