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GCSE - IV R > Paper 1 - 1 Energy > Flashcards

Paper 1 - 1 Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

An object or group of objects

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2
Q

Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

A

Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal

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3
Q

Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle

A

Kinetic into Thermal and sound

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4
Q

Describe the energy changes in a torch

A

Chemical into electrical into thermal and light

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5
Q

State the equation and all units for kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 x mass (kg) x speed squared (m/s)

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6
Q

State the equation and all units for GPE

A

g.p.e. (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)

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7
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree celsius.

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8
Q

State the units for specific heat capacity

A

J/kg C

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9
Q

Define Power

A

Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form

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10
Q

State the equation with all units for Power.

A

Power (W) = energy (J) / time (s)

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11
Q

Define 1 W

A

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second

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12
Q

State the conservation of energy

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

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13
Q

Define thermal conductivity

A

How well a material conducts energy. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

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14
Q

How can heat loss from a building be minimised?

A

Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity

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15
Q

Define efficiency

A

How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy

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16
Q

State the equation for efficiency

A

efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy

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17
Q

Efficiency is always between?

A

0 and 1 (decimal) or 0 % and 100% (percentage)

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18
Q

State the 3 fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil and gas

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19
Q

State the order of start up times from shortest to fastest of the three fossil fuels

A

Gas, Oil, Coal (fastest to slowest)

20
Q

State two fuels used in a nuclear reactor

A

Uraninium (1) Plutonium (1)

21
Q

Define a renewable energy resource

A

One that can be replenished and won’t run out

22
Q

State the advantages of fossil fuels

A

Reliable (1) Short start up time of a few hours (1) cheap (1) can be used in many locations (1) doesn’t produce radioactive waste (1)

23
Q

State the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

Non renewable (1) Will run out (1) Produces carbon dioxide (1) which leads to global warming (1) Causes acid rain(1)

24
Q

State the advantages of nuclear power

A

Reliable (1) A very concentrated source of energy (1) No carbon dioxide release (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

25
Q

State the disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Slow start up time of a few days (1) Causes Radioactive waste (1) High decommissioning costs (1) Non renewable (1)

26
Q

State the advantages of solar power.

A

Renewable (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1) can be used in remote locations (1)

27
Q

State the disadvantages of solar power

A

Unreliable (1) Expensive to buy (1) Doesn?t produce much energy so need lots of solar cells (1)

28
Q

State the advantages of wind

A

Renewable (1) Wont run out (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

29
Q

State the disadvantages of wind

A

Unreliable (1) Visual pollution (1) Noise pollution (1) Don’t get much energy so needs a large area of wind turbines (1)

30
Q

State the advantages of hydroelectric

A

Short start up time (1) Renewable (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide emitted (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

31
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric

A

Expensive to buy the dam (1) Flooding of surrounding areas (1) Damage to animal habitats (1)

32
Q

Advantages of geothermal

A

Short start up time (1) Renewable (1) Wont run out (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

33
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal

A

Expensive to drill (1) Only suitable in certain locations (1)

34
Q

Advantages of wave power

A

Renewable(1) Wont run out (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

35
Q

Disadvantages of wave power

A

Unreliable (1) Difficult to maintain and repair (1) Restricts shipping lanes (1)

36
Q

Advantages of tidal

A

Reliable - as tides can be predicted (1) Renewable (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

37
Q

Disadvantages of tidal

A

Difficult to maintain and repair (1) Restricts shipping lanes (1)

38
Q

Advantages of biomass

A

Reliable (1) Renewable (1) Carbon neutral (1)

39
Q

Disadvantages of biomass

A

Release carbon dioxide (1) Take up land which can be used for crops (1)

40
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A

Kinetic, sound, light, thermal, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, nuclear

41
Q

What is ‘wasted energy’?

A

Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form

42
Q

What is ‘useful energy’?

A

The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted

43
Q

If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?

A

A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can’t be reused usefully again.

44
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done = force x distance in direction of force

45
Q

What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred

A

Work done = energy transferred

GCSE - IV R (11 decks)

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