Paper 1: 01 Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesized to store energy.
What is an exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction which releases energy.
What does ATP stand for and what does it do?
Adenosine triphosphate; chemical energy stored as a high energy compound and used as the immediate source of energy for muscle contraction.
What is ADP and the equation for when its produced?
Adenosine diphosphate; a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP (ATP-> ADP+P+Energy)
What is phosphocreatine?
A high-energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis.
What is ATPase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP.
What is the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell?
The cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin.
What is a mole?
A unit of substance quantity.
What is a coupled reaction?
Where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction.
What is Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis)
What is anaerobic glycolysis ?
The partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid.
What is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)?
An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
What is OBLA?
The onset of blood lactate accumulation, the point at which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in.
What is meant by buffering capacity?
The ability of hydrogen carbonate ions (buffers) to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream.
What is mitochondria?
A structure within the cell where aerobic respiration and energy production occurs.
What is meant by work relief ratio?
The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed.
What is Myoglobin?
A red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying and storing oxygen.
What is the energy continuum?
The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy system to overall energy production depending on intensity and duration of activity.
What is lipase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol.
What is a threshold?
The point at which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another.
What is meant by intermittent exercise?
Activity where the intensity alternates, either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and changes in intensity.
What is Oxygen Deficit?
The volume of oxygen that would be required to complete an activity entirely aerobically.
What does EPOC stand for and what is it ?
EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) the volume of oxygen consumed post exercise to return the body to a pre exercise state.
What is gluconeogenesis?
The formation of glucose/ glycogen from substrates such as pyruvic acid or lactic acid.