Panos Soultanas

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleolous?

Answer 1

The nucleolus is involved in the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNAs, required for assemblying ribosomes and in the formation of the small and large ribosomal subunits.

Question 2

Describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 2

The endoplasmic reticulum is an interconnecting network of membranes that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. There are two types of ER: rough and smooth. Rough ER has ribosomes - sights of protein synthesis.
The ER is involved in the transport and maturation of proteins (in conjunction with the Golgi apparatus). Parts of the ER bud off to form small transport vesicles to transport proteins to the Golgi.

Question 3

Where are the ribosomes located and what is their function?

Answer 3

The ribosomes are located free in the cytosol (intracelluar fluid found in the cytoplasm) as well as bound to the ER. They are the sight of protein synthesis.

Question 4

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

Answer 4

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for protein transport. It is also the site of new membrane synthesis and participates in the formation of lysosomes.

Question 5

What are lysosomes responsible for?

Answer 5

Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion of externally endocytosed materials/old organelles/intracellular materials. They are rich in hydrolase enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

Question 6

1. What is role of the mitochondria?
2. What is the inner matrix of the mitochondria called and what enzyme is found there?
3. What are the names of the pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria?
4. Where is mitochondria inherited from?

Answer 6

1. The mitochondria is the site of ATP synthesis supplying the energy for all cellular activities.
2. The inner matrix (mitosol) of the mitochondria is convoluted to form cristae. The enzyme ATP synthase is embdded in the cristae.
3. The pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria are called porins. These permit access of large molecules.
4. Mitochondria are inherited maternally.

Question 7

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Prokayotic cells do not have a nucleus, the genome - a single chromosome - is compacted by DNA-binding proteins to form the nucleotide. There is no ER. Plasmids are often present. They have a different type of cell envelope. They have a peptidoglycan cell wall. A single long flagellum provides motillity.

Question 8

Name and recall.
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Answer 8

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Question 9

Name and recall.
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Answer 9

https://ibb.co/RcpSDR1