Pancreatic and Urinary Disorders Week 3 Flashcards
The pancreas has both ________ and ________ functions.
Endocrine, exocrine
The exocrine tissue of the pancreas is responsible for the secretion of what?
Digestive enzymes such as typsin, amylase and lipase, and bicarbonate ions.
The endocrine tissue of the pancreas is responsible for the secretion of what?
The islets of Langerhans secrete insulin, glucagon and gastrin.
What does Trypsin digest in the body?
Proteins
What does Amylase digest in the body?
Carbohydrates
What does Lipase digest in the body?
Fats
Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete insulin?
Beta cells
Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete glucagon?
Alpha cells
Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete gastrin?
G cells
What is the purpose of bicarbonate ions secreted from the pancreas?
It neutralises the chyme from the stomach.
Where are bicarbonate ions secreted from and what path do they follow?
Secreted from the exocrine tissue of the pancreas. They exit pancreas through the pancreatic duct which merges with the common bile duct and is drained into the duodenum.
What are some of the aetiologies of Acute Pancreatitis?
Gall stones, trauma, alcohol, drugs, hypercalcaemia, atherosclerosis/ischaemia, vasculitis, mumps, idiopathic
How do gall stones cause acute pancreatitis?
Gall stones can lodge in the common bile duct causing inflammation in the pancreas.
How does hypercalcaemia cause acute pancreatitits?
Calcium deposits in the pancreas causing inflammation.
How does vasculitis cause acute pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the surrounding vessels causes the pancreas to become inflamed.
How do the Mumps cause acute pancreatitis?
The Mumps usually affects the parotid gland but in a small proportion of people it can cause pancreatitis, inflammation of the testes or the ovaries.
What are some of the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
Epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting or severe abdominal pain radiating to the back.
What happens to the pancreas during acute pancreatitis?
Release of pancreatic enzymes leading to coagulative necrosis, fat necrosis, haemorrhage and acute inflammation.
Patients with the nephritic syndrome present with haematuria as a key symptom. True or false?
True.
What are the common clinical features of diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycaemia and polyuria.
Acute pyelonephritis may present with pain from which area?
Flank or loin pain.
Patients with membranous nephropathy present with the nephrotic syndrome. True or false?
True.
What are some of the causes of chronic renal failure?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Renal artery stenosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
