Pancreatic and Urinary Disorders Week 3

Question 1

The pancreas has both ________ and ________ functions.

Answer 1

Endocrine, exocrine

Question 2

The exocrine tissue of the pancreas is responsible for the secretion of what?

Answer 2

Digestive enzymes such as typsin, amylase and lipase, and bicarbonate ions.

Question 3

The endocrine tissue of the pancreas is responsible for the secretion of what?

Answer 3

The islets of Langerhans secrete insulin, glucagon and gastrin.

Question 4

What does Trypsin digest in the body?

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

What does Amylase digest in the body?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

What does Lipase digest in the body?

Answer 6

Fats

Question 7

Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete insulin?

Answer 7

Beta cells

Question 8

Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete glucagon?

Answer 8

Alpha cells

Question 9

Which cells of the isleets of Langerhans secrete gastrin?

Answer 9

G cells

Question 10

What is the purpose of bicarbonate ions secreted from the pancreas?

Answer 10

It neutralises the chyme from the stomach.

Question 11

Where are bicarbonate ions secreted from and what path do they follow?

Answer 11

Secreted from the exocrine tissue of the pancreas. They exit pancreas through the pancreatic duct which merges with the common bile duct and is drained into the duodenum.

Question 12

What are some of the aetiologies of Acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 12

Gall stones, trauma, alcohol, drugs, hypercalcaemia, atherosclerosis/ischaemia, vasculitis, mumps, idiopathic

Question 13

How do gall stones cause acute pancreatitis?

Answer 13

Gall stones can lodge in the common bile duct causing inflammation in the pancreas.

Question 14

How does hypercalcaemia cause acute pancreatitits?

Answer 14

Calcium deposits in the pancreas causing inflammation.

Question 15

How does vasculitis cause acute pancreatitis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of the surrounding vessels causes the pancreas to become inflamed.

Question 16

How do the Mumps cause acute pancreatitis?

Answer 16

The Mumps usually affects the parotid gland but in a small proportion of people it can cause pancreatitis, inflammation of the testes or the ovaries.

Question 17

What are some of the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 17

Epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting or severe abdominal pain radiating to the back.

Question 18

What happens to the pancreas during acute pancreatitis?

Answer 18

Release of pancreatic enzymes leading to coagulative necrosis, fat necrosis, haemorrhage and acute inflammation.

Question 19

Patients with the nephritic syndrome present with haematuria as a key symptom. True or false?

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What are the common clinical features of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 20

Hyperglycaemia and polyuria.

Question 21

Acute pyelonephritis may present with pain from which area?

Answer 21

Flank or loin pain.

Question 22

Patients with membranous nephropathy present with the nephrotic syndrome. True or false?

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

What are some of the causes of chronic renal failure?

Answer 23

Chronic glomerulonephritis
Renal artery stenosis
Chronic pyelonephritis