Pancreas, Small Intestine, And Large Intestine

Question 1

Function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Answer 1

Produces a secretion that contains enzymes capable of hydrolyzing proteins, fats and carbs

Question 2

What abdominal regions is the pancreas located in

Answer 2

Epigastric and LUQ

Question 3

Location of the head of the pancreas

Location of the tail

Answer 3

Within the concavity of duodenum

Passes in the splenorenal ligament and comes in contact with hilum of spleen

Question 4

What 4 structures are anteriorly related to the pancreas

Answer 4

Transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, lesser sac and stomach

Question 5

Location of pancreatic duct

Where does it open into?

Answer 5

Tail of pancreas

Opens into middle of 2nd part of duodenum

Question 6

What two arteries and veins supply the pancreas

Answer 6

Splenic and superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries and their corresponding veins (which drain into portal system

~review: splenic artery is branch of celiac trunk, superior pan. Is branch of gastroduodenal artery from common hepatic artery, inferior pan. Is branch of superior mesenteric artery

Question 7

Which two lymph nodes do the pancreas drain into

Answer 7

Celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 8

Parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of pancreas comes from?

Answer 8

Vagus nerve

Question 9

What happens at the small intestine

Answer 9

Greater part of digestion and absorption

Question 10

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 10

Rounded elevation where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierce the second part of duodenum

Question 11

What abdominal regions is the duodenum located

Answer 11

Epigastric and umbilical

Question 12

Relations of 1st part of duodenum:

1. Anteriorly
2. Posteriorly
3. Superiorly
4. Inferiorly

Answer 12

1. Quadrate lobe of liver and gallbladder
2. Part of lesser sac, gastroduodenal artery, bile duct, portal vein, and IVC
3. Epiploic foramen (entrance into lesser sac)
4. Head of pancreas

Question 13

Relations of 2nd part of duodenum (vertical):

1. Anteriorly
2. Posteriorly
3. Laterally
4. Medially

Answer 13

1. Gallbladder, right lobe of liver, transverse colon
2. Hilum of right kidney and right ureter
3. Ascending colon, right lobe of liver
4. Head of pancreas, bile duct

Question 14

Arterial supply of :

1. Upper half of duodenum
2. Lower half of duodenum

Answer 14

1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 15

Veinous drainage of the upper and lower half of duodenum

Answer 15

Upper: superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the portal vein

Lower: inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein joins the superior mesenteric vein

Question 16

Lymph drainage:
Arteries that run upwards drain upwards through which 3 nodes?

Arteries that run downwards drain downwards through which 2 nodes

Answer 16

Upward: pancreaticoduodenal nodes -> gastroduodenal nodes -> celiac nodes (follows arteries)

Downward: pancreaticoduodenal nodes -> superior mesenteric nodes (follows arteries)

Question 17

Nerve supply to duodenum?

Answer 17

Vagus nerves from the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses

Question 18

Mesentery of the small intestine connects what?

Answer 18

Coils of jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall

Question 19

Difference in size of jejunum compared to ileum

Answer 19

Jejunum is wider and thicker walled and redder

Question 20

Location of jejunal mesentery compared to ileal mesentery?

Answer 20

Jejunal is to the left of aorta

Ileal is to the right of aorta

Question 21

What are peyers patches and where are they located

Answer 21

Aggregations of lymphoid tissue in the lower ileum

Question 22

Arterial supply of jejunum and ileum

Answer 22

Branches of superior mesenteric artery that anastomose with one another to form a series of arcades
Ileocolic artery also supplies lowest part of ileum

Question 23

Lymph drainage of jejunum and ileum

Answer 23

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 24

Nerve supply of jejunum and ileum

Answer 24

Vagus nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus

Question 25

6 parts of the large intestine

Answer 25

Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

Question 26

Primary function of large intestine

Answer 26

Absorption of water and electrolytes and storage of undigested material until it can be expelled as feces

Question 27

Location of the cecum

Answer 27

Right iliac fossa

Question 28

Where on the cecum is the appendix located

Answer 28

Posteromedial surface

Question 29

Relations of the cecum: 1. Anteriorly 2. Posteriorly

Answer 29

1. Coils of small intestines, anterior abdominal wall in the right iliac region and sometimes part of the greater omentum 2. Psoas and iliacus muscle, femoral nerve, lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, appendix

Question 30

Blood supply of cecum

Answer 30

Anterior and posterior cecal arteries from the ileocolic artery which is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery

Question 31

Venous drainage

Answer 31

Into superior mesenteric vein

Question 32

Nerve supply of cecum

Answer 32

Same as ileum and jejunum; vagus nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus

Question 33

What is gastrin

Answer 33

Hormone produced by the stomach that causes relaxation of the muscle tone

Question 34

You can find the appendix at McBurneys point. Location?

Answer 34

Joining the right ASIS to the umbilicus

Question 35

Arterial supply of the appendix

Answer 35

Appendicular artery (branch of posterior cecal artery)

Question 36

Lymph drainage of appendix

Answer 36

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 37

Nerve supply of appendix

Answer 37

Vagus nerve from superior mesenteric plexus | ~afferent nerve fibers for visceral pain enter spinal cord at T10

Question 38

Blood supply of ascending colon

Answer 38

Ileocolic and right colic branches of superior mesenteric artery

Question 39

Lymph drainage of ascending colon

Answer 39

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 40

Blood supply of the transverse colon

Answer 40

Proximal 2/3 by middle colic artery (branch of SUPERIOR mesenteric artery); distal 1/3 by left colic artery (branch of INFERIOR mesenteric artery)

Question 41

Lymph drainage of transverse colon

Answer 41

Proximal 2/3: colic nodes-> superior mesenteric nodes | Distal 1/3: colic nodes-> inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 42

Nerve supply of transverse colon

Answer 42

Proximal 2/3: vagus nerve from superior mesenteric plexus | Distal 1/3: pelvic splanchnic nerves through inferior mesenteric plexus

Question 43

Blood supply of descending colon

Answer 43

Left colic and sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery ~venous drainage into inferior mesenteric vein

Question 44

Lymph drainage of descending colon

Answer 44

Colic nodes-> inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 45

Nerve supply of descending colon

Answer 45

Pelvic splanchnic nerves through inferior mesenteric plexus

Question 46

Blood supply of sigmoid colon

Answer 46

Sigmoid branches of inferior mesenteric artery

Question 47

Lymph drainage of sigmoid colon

Answer 47

Nodes along sigmoid arteries->Inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 48

Nerve supply of sigmoid colon

Answer 48

Nerves from inferior hypogastric plexuses

Question 49

Blood supply to rectum is from superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries: what are each branches of and what do they supply?

Answer 49

1. Superior= direct continuation of inferior mesenteric artery; mucous membrane 2. Middle= branch of internal iliac artery; muscular coat 3. Inferior= branch of internal pudendal artery in peritoneum

Question 50

Venous drainage of superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries

Answer 50

``` Superior= inferior mesenteric vein Middle= internal iliac vein Inferior= internal pudendal artery ```

Question 51

Union of rectal veins forms?

Answer 51

Portal-systemic anastomoses

Question 52

Lymph drainage of the rectum

Answer 52

Pararectal nodes-> inferior mesenteric nodes Lower part of rectum: internal iliac nodes

Question 53

Nerve supply of rectum?

Answer 53

Inferior hypogastric plexuses

Question 54

Superior mesenteric artery: 1. Supplies what 7 organs 2. Originates and runs?

Answer 54

1. Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and most of transverse colon 2. Abdominal aorta (below celiac trunk); runs down and to the right behind pancreas to in between layers of the mesentery then anastomoses with ileal branch of ileocolic branch

Question 55

Name 4 branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 55

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, middle colic artery, right colic artery, and ileocolic artery

Question 56

Where does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery run and what does it supply

Answer 56

Runs along the upper border of third part of duodenum and head of pancreas and supplies pancreas and adjoining part of duodenum

Question 57

Where does the middle colic artery run and what does it supply

Answer 57

Forward in the transverse mesocolon and supplies transverse colon (also divides into right and left branch)

Question 58

Right colic artery supplies?

Answer 58

Ascending colon; divides into ascending and descending branches

Question 59

Ileocolic artery gives rise to two branches. What are they and what they anastomose with

Answer 59

Superior branch-anastomoses with right colic artery | Inferior branch- anastomoses with end of superior mesenteric artery

Question 60

How does the inferior mesenteric artery run and what does it become?

Answer 60

Runs down and to the left and crosses the left common iliac artery. It becomes the superior rectal artery

Question 61

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 61

Left colic artery, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

Question 62

What does the left colic artery supply

Answer 62

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, left colic flexure and upper part of descending colon

Question 63

What do the sigmoid arteries supply

Answer 63

(There are ~2-3) supply descending and sigmoid colon

Question 64

Where does the superior rectal artery run and what does it supply

Answer 64

Continuation of inferior mesenteric artery- runs into the pelvis behind the rectum. Supplies the rectum and upper half of anal canal and anastomoses with the middle rectal and inferior rectal arteries

Question 65

What is the marginal artery

Answer 65

Anastomoses of colic arteries around the concave margin of the large intestine (begins at ileocecal junction and ends where it anastomoses less freely with the superior rectal artery)