Pancreas and Pancreatitis Flashcards
What is the arterial supply to the pancreas?
Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery.
Head additionally supplied by the pancreaticoduodenal artery which is a branch of the hepatic.
What is the pancreas’ venous drainage?
The head to the superior mesenteric vein.
The rest of the pancreas is pancreatic veins to the splenic.
Where does lymph from the pancreas drain to?
Superior mesenteric and coeliac nodes.
Describe the duct system of the pancreas?
Intercalated ducts -> Intralobular ducts -> Main pancreatic duct.
There is also an accessory pancreatic duct.
Describe the histology of the exocrine pancreas?
Clusters of acini connected by intercalated ducts. Centroacinar cells secrete a bicarbonate secretion (in response to Secretin) and mucin. The intercalated ducts drain to intralobular ducts then the main pancreatic duct.
The ducts are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium.
Acinar cells secrete many enzymes for digestion.
List the pancreatic enzymes.
Trypsin, Chymptrypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Elastin.
Pancreatic Amylase.
Pancreatic Lipase.
Ribonuclease and Deoxyriboneuclease.
What is the function of trypsin and how is it secreted/activated?
As trypsinogen (inactive precursor) which is activated by enterokinase secreted by duodenal mucosa. Trypsin then activates the other zymogens.
How is pancreatic amylase secreted and what is its function?
Secreted in active form. Digests alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds in starch and glycogen to latose, maltitriose and dextrin.
What is the function of pancreatic lipase?
Breaks triglycerides to fatty acids and 2 monoglycerides.
What is the function of Ribonuclease and Deoxyribonuclease?
Digests nucleic acids.
What stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion?
When chyme arrives at the duodenum, Secretin is released from S cells which triggers the release of pancreatic juice.
CCK is also produced in the duodenum by enteroendocrine cells, which also stimulates release of pancreatic digestive enzymes and bile as it relaxes the sphincter of oddi and causes GB contraction.
Vagal stimulation also increases enzyme production and secretion of enzymes during the cephalic phase.
