Pancreas and diabetes

Question 1

What type of gland is the pancreas

Answer 1

Digestive gland, both endocrine and exocrine

Question 2

What hormones does the pancreas secrete

Answer 2

Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreas polypeptide

Question 3

What is glucagon

Answer 3

Released when someone is in the fasting state and stimulates the release of stored glucose from the liver to raise blood sugars

Question 4

What is insulin?

Answer 4

Released when someone is nourished state and promotes the storage of glucose and stimulates protein sythesis.

Question 5

What is somatostain

Answer 5

Controls the rate at which food is absorbed from the intestines

Question 6

What is pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 6

Causes gall bladder relaxation

Question 7

What do these hormones do

Answer 7

• These hormones play an important role in regulating the concentration of glucose and amino acids in the circulatory system.
• balancing act between alpha and beta cells

Question 8

What is diabetes

Answer 8

. Diabetes is a disorder of the pancreatic islets which are the cell groups within the pancreas which regulate these blood glucose levels.

Question 9

How does insulin work?

Answer 9

• Beta cells secrete when BG is high
• bind to membrane bound receptors on target cells
• Increase the number of transport proteins in the plasma membrane for glucose and amino acids
• Insulin + its receptor enter the cell by endocytosis/ engulfing
• Insulin is released and broken down
• Target tissue responds by increasing its ability to take up and use glucose and amino acids
• Glucose is then stored as glycagon in liver + muscle
• Amino acids broken down into energy or converted into protein

Question 10

How does glycagon work-

Answer 10

• secreted alpha cells and influences the liver
• binds to membrane bound receptors and actives g-proteins which breaks down glycogen
• this increases the glucose synthesis in the liver
• helps break down fat