Pancreas and Adrenal Glands

Question 1

What germ layer is the pancreas derived form?

Answer 1

Endoderm

Question 2

The pancreas is formed from the fusion of two buds. Where does this fusion occur?

Answer 2

At the junction between the foregut and midgut

Question 3

How long is the pancreas?

Answer 3

12-15cm

Question 4

At what spinal level does the pancreas lie?

Answer 4

L1/2

Question 5

Which pancreas cell produces glucagon?

Answer 5

Alpha cells

Question 6

Which pancreas cell produces insulin?

Answer 6

Beta cells

Question 7

Which pancreas cell produces somatostatin?

Answer 7

Delta cells

Question 8

What type of epithelium exists in the pancreatic ducts?

Answer 8

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

Question 9

What is the normal weight of the adrenal glands?

Answer 9

5-8g

Question 10

What is the emrbyological origin of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 10

Mesoderm - from the urogenital ridge

Question 11

From which germ layer does the adrenal medulla form?

Answer 11

Endoderm

Question 12

The adrenal medulla is part of which arm of the nervous system?

Answer 12

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep?

Answer 13

Zona glomerulus
Zona fasiculata
Zona reticularis

Question 14

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?

Answer 14

Zona glomerulus

Question 15

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids and androgens?

Answer 15

Zona fasciculata

Question 16

Which syndrome results from excessive production of cortisol?

Answer 16

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 17

Which syndrome results from excessive production of aldosterone?

Answer 17

Conn’s syndrome

Question 18

How can the long-term use of corticosteroids cause atrophy of the adrenal glands?

Answer 18

These are a negative feedback on the production of ACTH and thus cause a lack of stimulus for the activity of the cells in the adrenal cortex

Question 19

Phaechromocytoma is an uncommon tumour of the adrenal medulla. How does this cause secondary hypertension?

Answer 19

By causing excessive production of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 20

Benign tumours of the adrenal cortex are more likely to result in excessive and/or inappropriate hormone excretion than malignant tumours. T/F?

Answer 20

True