Pancreas

Question 1

Location pancreas

Answer 1

Non-encapsulated,retropenitoneal

Question 2

Lesser sac

Answer 2

Area between posterior wall of the stomach and pancreas - fluid accumulation

Question 3

Uncinate process

Answer 3

Small curved tip of the head of the pancreas, posterior to the sma

Question 4

GDA location

Answer 4

Anterior-lateral border

Question 5

CBD location

Answer 5

Posterior - lateral to the head

Question 6

Size - length pancreas

Answer 6

12-18cm

Question 7

Head size

Answer 7

Thickest ap and trv - 2-3cm

Question 8

Neck-body size

Answer 8

Less than 2.5cm

Question 9

Tail size

Answer 9

2.5 cm or less

Question 10

Vascular landmarks pancreas

Answer 10

Aorta, sma, smv , Sv,ivc

Question 11

Seagull sign

Answer 11

Aorta, celiac trunk splits into cha and sa

Question 12

GDA location

Answer 12

Anterior to head of the pancreas, branches off the hepatic artery

Question 13

SMA location

Answer 13

Inferior to pancreas, posterior border of the body

Question 14

Splenic vein

Answer 14

Most reliable landmark, posterior inferior border. joins the smv to form the main portal vein

Question 15

Pancreatic duct size

Answer 15

Less than 2 mm

Question 16

Accessory duct

Answer 16

Duct of santorini, opens into the minor papilla

Question 17

Vascular supply

Answer 17

Splenic artery, GDA, sma

Question 18

Venous drainage pancreas

Answer 18

Splenic vein, SMV

Question 19

Exocrine

Answer 19

Releases trypsin, lipase, amylase via acini cells. Amylase- carbs increased with acute lipase= fats increased with chronic

Question 20

Endocrine

Answer 20

secreates insulin via islets of landerhans, beta= insulin, alpha- glucagon, delta- somatostatin

Question 21

Acute Pancreatitis cause

Answer 21

Biliary dz and ETOH

Question 22

Acute labs

Answer 22

Amylase will double in the first 24hrs, lipase increases within 72-96 hrs and remains high

Question 23

Psudocyst

Answer 23

Collection of fluid, most common complication of acute pancreatitis, located in lesser sac (most common)

Question 24

Focal pancreatitis

Answer 24

Less common, focal isoechoic or hypoechoic enlargement occurs @pancreatic head

Question 25

Pancreatic abscess

Answer 25

As a result of extreme infection, look for gas or dirty shadowing

Question 26

Chronic pancreatitis

Answer 26

Cause- alcoholism more common in males sono: dilated pancreatic duct (more than 2 mm), calcifications and increased echogenicity

Question 27

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 27

Most common malignant tumor, usually located in the head seen with dilation of the pancreatic duct. Fatal.

Question 28

Most common neoplasm source pancreas

Answer 28

Islet cells

Question 29

Non-functioning islet cell tumors

Answer 29

92%. Malignant

Question 30

Functioning islet cell tumor

Answer 30

Most common- insulinoma (60%)- B cell tumor 90-95% are benign and occur @ the tail
Gastrolioma (18%)

Question 31

Lymphoma

Answer 31

Malignant most frequent neoplasm

Question 32

Whipple procedure

Answer 32

Pancreatoduodenectomy surgical procedure to remove pancreatic cancer