PANCE buzz words Flashcards by Colleen Cahill

“bag of worms” in scrotum

varicocele

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“bamboo appearance” on x-ray of spine

ankylosing spondylitis

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“beefy red tongue”

pronounced anemia

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“bird beak” deformity on x-ray

achalasia or sigmoid volvulus

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“blood and thunder” retina

CR vein occlusion

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“boggy uterus”

adenomyosis

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“bulls eye” skin lesion

skin manifestation & cause

erythema migrans from lyme dz

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“cherry red spot” (red fovea) on fundoscopy

CRAO

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“coin shaped” or “discoid” plaques with vesicles and papules

nummular eczema

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“corkscrew” esophagus on barium swallow

esophageal spasm

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“crescent sign” of hip x-ray

avascular necrosis of hip

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“cup and saucer” appearance of proximal phalanx on x-ray

psoriatic arthritis

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“dew drops on a rose petal”

chicken pox

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“diamond-shaped murmur” (crescendo-decrescendo) on precordial chest

aortic stenosis

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“egg on a string” (narrow mediastinum)

TOGA

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“eggshell” pattern from calcified LNs on CXR

silicosis

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“figure 3 sign” on CXR

coarctation of aorta

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“floppy baby syndrome”

botulism

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“fungus ball” on CXR

aspergillus fumigatus PNA

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“honey” golden crusts on face

impetigo (strep pyoderma)

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“hot potato voice”

peritonsillar abscess

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“machine-like” murmur

PDA

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“moon facies and buffalo hump”

Cushings

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“onion skin” appearance on x-ray

Ewings sarcoma

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"palpable olive"

pyloric stenosis

"parrot beaked" esophagus (dilated esophagus taper to the distal obstruction) on barium swallow

achalasia

"pea soup" diarrhea

typhoid (aka enteric) fever

"pill rolling" tremor

Parkinsons

"pizza pie" (neovascularization with proliferation) on fund

CMV

"raccoon eyes"

orbital fx

"rice water" diarrhea (gray, turbid, without odor, blood, pus)

cholera

"ring of fire" on US

ectopic pregnancy

"rope-like" on CBE

fibrocystic breasts

"sack of grapes" or "grape-like vesicles" on TVU

complete hydatidiform mole

"sandpaper" rash (like sunburn with goosebumps

Scarlet fever

"satellite lesions" on buttocks

diaper dermatitis with candida

"sentinel loop" or "colon cut off sx" of gas pattern on KUB

pancreatitis sentinel loop = dilation of a segment of small intestine colon cutoff sign = dilation of a segment of large bowel indicates localized ileus

"shaggy" mucosa on barium swallow

candida

"slapped cheek" syndrome

parvo B19/ fifth's dz/ erythema infectiosum

"snowstorm" on TVU with elevated BHcg

Hydatidiform mole

"strawberry tongue"

scarlet fever & kawasaki

"strawberry" cervix

trichomonas

"string of pearls" on ovarian US

PCOS

"string sign"/ sign of kantor (stricture or stenosis) on barium enema

crohn's disease

"stuck on" waxy lesion

"sunburst" on bone x-ray

osteosarcoma

"tea and toast diet"

folate deficiency

"thumbprinting" of bowel

ischemia

"whirlpool" of intraluminal worms on KUB

ascariasis (ascariasis lumbricoides)

(+) heterophile antibodies (monospot)

mononucleosis

(+) scotch tape test

pinworms

(+) widal agglutination test

typhoid fever

5 Ps (purpule, planar, polygonal, pruritic, papule)

lichen planus immune system mistakenly attacks cells of the skin or mucous membranes

aaron sx (mcburney's point palpation causes stomach or chest pain)

appendicitis

absence of "scottie-dog" sign on spinal film

spondylolysis

absent or decreased femoral pulses with a murmur

coarctation of the aorta (patho)

amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

alzheimer's

anatomical snuffbox pain/ tenderness

scaphoid fx

anterior pat pad sign

hemarthrosis in radial head fx

anti-glomerular basement membrane abs with hematuria and hemoptysis

good-pasteur's syndrome (path)

apple-core lesion on barium enema

colon CA

auer rods on peripheral smear (needle-like inclusions in eosinophils)

AML (less likely ALL)

auspitz sign (pin point bleed on peeling of scab)

psoriasis

"water bottle" appearance of cardiac silhouette

pericardial effusion

"string sign" (long narrow pyloric lumen)

pyloric stenosis

azure (blue) lunulae on nails

wilson's disease

barking cough like a seal

croup

battle sx

basilar skull fx

bell-clapper deformity

abnormal attachment of testis in the scrotum (RF for torsion)

bence jones proteins in urine

multiple myeloma

bile stained eggs and proglottids in stool exam

fish tapeworm

bilious vomiting and abdominal distention in a newborn

duodenal atresia

bite cells (loss of heinz body) on peripheral smear

G6PD deficiency - anemia, jaundice, hemolysis, may confer selective advantage from malaria (x-linked recessive)

blast crisis

CML

boot shaped heart

RVH from tet of fallot

bouchard's nodes (PIP nodes)

boutinniere deformity (extended DIP, flexed PIP)

brushfield spots (on the iris)

downs syndrome

bubbly lytic lesion on x-ray ("ground glass")

fibrous dysplasia

cafe au lait spots and rubbery skin nodules

neurofibromatosis

chadwick sign (blue cervix)

pregnancy

chandelier sign on pelvic/ speculum exam (cervical motion tenderness) (2)

PID, ectopic pregnancy

fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

charcot's triad = ascending cholangitis

chvostek's sign (twitch facial nerve on tap)

hypocalcemia | often due to hypoparathyroidism

clue cells on wet prep and positive whiff test (amine odor)

BV (gardnerella vaginalis)

cobblestone-pattern filling defects with segmental areas of involvement (skip lesions) on barium enema or CT

crohn's disease

cobblestoning on colonoscopy

crohn's disease

codman's sign (peri-osteal elevation that forms an angle with the bone cortex)

osteosarcoma Codman triangle is a radiologic sign seen most commonly on musculoskeletal plain films. It is the name given to a periosteal reaction that occurs when bone lesions grow so aggressively they lift the periosteum off the bone and do not allow the periosteum to lay down new bone

coral red fluorescence with wood's lamp

erythrasma superficial infection of the skin, macerated, scaly plaques between the toes or erythematous to brown patches or thin plaques in intertriginous areas

CSF oligoclonal bands

cullen and grey-turner sxs

acute/ necrotizing pancreatitis (also in ectopic) (cullen = periumbilical) (grey-turner = flank)

currant jelly sputum

klebsiella pneuno PNA

currant jelly stools

intussusception

curschmann spirals (mucus casts in small airways)

asthma

CXR honeycombing

pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis

CXR visceral pleural line or "deep sulcus sign" on supine

PTX

dance sign (no BS in RLQ)

intussesception

delta waves on EKG

WPW syndrome

diffuse vacuolar changes of grey matter with reactive astrocytosis on cortical bx

creutzfeldt-jakob dz degenerative brain disorder that leads to dementia and death

dimple sx on anterior medial surface of the knee

posterolateral knee dislocation

dinner fork derformity

colle's fx

distal radial fx with dorsal angulation

colle's fx

distal radial fx with volar angulation

smith's fx

distended neck veins, decreased BP, muffled heart sounds

Beck's triad = cardiac tamponade

double bubble sign on abd x-ray

duodenal atresia in an infant

drusen spots (hard yellow-white deposits in the macula under pigment epithelium)

macular degeneration (nonexudative)

S1Q3 inverted T3 on EKG

cor pulmonale from PE

electrical alternans on EKG

cardiac effusion (patho)

encapsulated organisms on india ink

cryptococcus neoformans

eruptive and tendinous xanthomas

hyperlipidemia (patho)

erythema marginatum ("bathing suit distribution")

rheumatic fever

flagellated, curved, oxidase (+) gram (_) rods in stool

c jejuni

fruity breath

DKA

fund with cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, hard exudates, venous dilation

nonproliferative DM retinopathy (early)

fund with ateriolar constriction, flame hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates

HTN retinopathy

fund with cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, microanerysms, hard exudates, neovascularization

proliferative DM retinopathy (late)

fx of 5th MC neck

boxer's fx

gottron's sx (scaly, papule rash on dorsal hands)

dermatomyositis

gram (-) intracellular diplococci

n gonorrhea

gram (+), encapsulated, box-shaped rods in chains

cutaneous anthrax

hairlike cytoplasmic projections on lymphocytes

hairy cell leukemia

hanging teardrop sign (herniation of orbital fat into maxillary sinus)

orbital fx

hazy/ steamy cornea with a fixed, dilated pupil

angle-closure glaucoma

heavy, painful vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester

placenta abruption

heavy, painless vaginal bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd trimester

placenta previa

heinz bodies on peripheral smear

G6PD def or thalassemia

heliotrope rash (eyelid erythema)

dermatomyositis (or SLE)

hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes on CT

herpetic encephalitis

herald patch then "christmas tree" appearing rash

pityriasis rosea

herberden's nodes (DIP nodes)

honey-combing with calcified parietal pleural plaques

asbestosis

hot tub folliculitis

pseudomonas aeruginosa

hyaline casts

ARF (or normal in athletes)

hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin

HPV skin warts

hyphae and buds on KOH prep

vaginal candidiasis

inability to pass NGT in an infant

choanal atresia

intracytoplasmic inclusions ("owls eyes") on tissue biopsy

CMV

intravenous inclusions/ pick bodies

pick dz

kayser-flescher rings (green-yellow to brown rings between iris and cornea)

wilson's disease

kerley b lines

CHF | or pulmonary fibrosis or carcinomatosis

koebner's phenomenon (maculopapular rash elicited by scratching that appears in the evening)

juvenile RA

KOH hyphae and spores ("spaghetti and meatballs")

tinea versicolor

koilocytotic squamous cells or vacuolated squamous epithelial cells in clumps on pap

HPV cervical warts

koplik spots- grains of sand on an erythematous base (blue-white mucosal lesions)

measles/ rubeola (patho)

large, deep linear ulcers on barium swallow

CMV

lead pipe deformity (loss of normal haustral markings) on barium enema

lesions that have white lines (wickham's striae)

lichen planus

lhermitte sign (electrical feeling down the back with neck flexion)

low morning cortisol with elevated ACTH

addison's disease

low plasma renin with increased 24 hr urine aldosterone

hyperaldosteronism

lower BP in arms vs legs

coarctation of aorta

noncaseating granulomas on lung bx

sarcoidosis

macro-ovalcytes and hypersegmented PMNs

folate def anemia (patho)

mid-systolic click

MVP

milkman lines or looser zones (pseudofractures)

osteomalacia

monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis (M-protein)

multiple myeloma

more than 125 mg/dl urine cortisol in 24 hrs

cushings

multinucleated giant cells on tzanck smear

HSV

multiple ring-enhancing lesions on brain CT or MRI in HIV pt

toxoplasmosis

multiple, small, volcanic-shaped ulcers on barium swallow

herpes

murmur with wide pulse pressure

aortic insufficiency

negative birefringent needle-shaped crystals (parallel and yellow)

gout

negri bodies on brain tissue

rabies

nikolsky's sign (manual pressure separates epidermis from dermis)

pemphigus vulgaris or TEN

oncholysis with oil spots

psoriasis (patho)

open bomb-bay door sign (bone fragments in the sinus)

orbital fx

opening snap murmur

mitral stenosis

osborn wave aka J wave (upward deflection of S wave)

hypothermia (patho)

osler nodes (painful finger/ toe/ feet lesions), janeway lesions (painless palm and sole lesions), roth spots (exudative retinal lesions/ hemorrhages)

infective endocarditis

palpable, non-tender gallbladder (courvoisier's sign)

pancreatic CA

pancytopenia with circulating blasts

acute leukemia

parenchymal bullae or subplural blebs

emphysema (patho)

pear-shaped trophozoites with 2 nuclei and 4 flagella

giardia

pedunculated bone mass capped in cartilage

osteochondroma

pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

niacin def

pericardial friction rub

pericarditis

perihilar infiltrates ("butterfly pattern")

PCP PNA

peripheral wedge-shaped consolidation/ shadow on pleural surface (hampton hump)

petechial rash with meningeal sxs

n meningitidis

phalen's sign (wrist flexion for 1 min causes pain)

carpal tunnel

pharyngeal gray pseudomembranes and bullneck

diptheria

pica

iron def

positive birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals (perpendicular and blue)

pseudogout

positive finkelstein (pain with fist ulnar deviation)

DeQuervain's

posterior fat pad sign

radial head fx

prehn sign (pain relieved with elevation of scrotum)

epididymitis

presence of a paratesticular nodule at the superior aspect of the testicle, with its characteristic blue-dot appearance (blue-dot sign)

testicular appendix torsion (patho)

prominent epicanthal folds, sandal toe, and simian creases

down syndrome

RBC casts

glomerulonephritis

reed-sternberg cells on LN bx

hodgkin's lymphoma | large pale nuclei/ lymphocyte

renal tubular epithelial cell casts ("muddy brown casts")

ATN

rodent ulcer

BCC

rose spots after initial infection sxs

typhoid fever (and other salmonella infections)

rouleau formation on peripheral smear

multiple myeloma

rovsing sx (LLQ palpation produces RLQ pain)

appendicitis

rust colored sputum

strep pneumo PNA

s-shaped burrows on skin

scabies

sausage digits

reiter's

sausage-like mass on abd exam

intussusception

schaumann's bodies and asteroid bodies

sarcoidosis

shoulder sx (bulge of pyloric m into antrum)

pyloric stenosis

signet ring (thick bronchial walls) on CXR

bronchiectasis

silver, copper wiring and AV nicking on fund

HTN retinopathy

a single or hypoechoic ring with a hyperechoic center (target, donut sign) on US

intussusception

smudge cells on peripheral smear

CLL

spontaneous hemarthrosis

hemophilia

sprain of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb

gamekeeper's thumb

steeple sx on x-ray

croup

subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces

RA (patho)

swan neck deformity (flexed DIP, extended PIP, flexed MCP)

synovial proliferation with pannus formation

tearing CP radiating to the back in a very tall male with long, slender hands/ fingers

marfan syndrome/ aortic dissection

terry's nails (white nail bed)

liver disease/ cirrhosis

thumb sx on x-ray

epiglottitis

tinel's sign (percussion of volar wrist causes tingling)

carpal tunnel

triple layered sputum

bronchiectasis

trousseau's sign (carpal tunnel spasm with BP cuff for 3 min)

hypocalcemia (often due to hypoparathyroid) (also a/w malignancy, venous thrombosis, hypercoaguability)

umbilicated papules

molluscum contagiosum

unilateral ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis

horner's syndrome

vesicular rash at different stages

varicella

virchow's nodes (L supraclavicular LAD)

mets from GI tumor | also H. pylori, lung CA, breast CA

WBC casts

pyelo (or nephritis)

westmark sign (regional area of decreased pulmonary vascularity on CXR)

yellow CSF from hemolysis (xanthochromia)

subarachnoid bleed

intranuclear opthalmoplegia

multiple sclerosis

progressive chorea and signs of dementia

huntington's

generalized muscle weakness and fatiguability

myasthenia gravis

symmetric sensory loss

diabetic neuropathy

peaked T waves

hyperkalemia

short QT interval

hypercalcemia

flat T wave

hypokalemia

prolonged QT interval

hypocalcemia

delta wave

WPW

diastolic decrescendo blowing

aortic regurg

continuous machine like

PDA

crescendo decrescendo, 2nd ICS, radiates to carotids

aortic stenosis

holosystolic murmur

mitral regurg

mid-diastolic rumble

mitral stenosis

mid systolic click, radiates to axilla

MVP

sister mary joseph nodes

umbilical nodes a/w gastric adenocarcinoma/ CA, colon CA, pancreatic CA

philadelphia chromosome

CML | translocation of chromosome 9 and 22, brc-abl fusion gene

pulsus parvus (small) et tardus (slow)

pulse is slow rising and weak, delay between 1st heart sound on auscultation and carotid pulse, a/w AS

tet spells

a/w ToF - sudden marked increase in cyanosis followed by syncope, kids often squat to increase SVR and temporarily decrease shunt - MC cyanotic heart disease, blue baby syndrome, PROVe

denny morgan lines and allergic shiners

allergic rhinitis

asterixis

increased ammonia levels a/w hepatic encephalopathy

ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis

horners syndrome