PAMS

Question 1

Cryotherapy
Description?
Indications/when to use it? Precautions/Contraindications?

Answer 1

• Cold pack
• Used for pain management, anti inflammation, edema control, decrease of muscle guarding, spasm, cold should be used in acute stage following trauma
• Cautiously used on patients with sensory deficits, circulatory impairment, hypersensitivity, hypertension.

Question 2

Heat (Paraffin Bath, Hot Packs, Fluidotherapy)
Description?
Indications/when to use it? Precautions/Contraindications?

Answer 2

• PAM must benefit tx. Used as adjunctive intervention in preparation for purposeful, functional activity.
• Relieves pain , increases soft tissue extensibility , assists in wound healing -No heat for cancer, blood clots.

Question 3

Iontophoresis
Description?	
Indications/when to use it?
what muscle?
Precautions/Contraindications?

Answer 3

-Iontophoresis A continuous direct current used to transmit ions through the skin.

• Used for pain management, anti inflammation, scar lysis, and enhanced healing
• used with rotator cuff tendons, common wrist/finger/hand flexor and extensor origins.
• Contraindicated in areas with bruises, cuts, broken skin, acute injuries, impaired sensation, and over sites of active hemorrhage.

Question 4

phonophoresis?

Answer 4

be aware of medications

Question 5

Transcutaneous Electrial Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Description?
Indications/when to use it? Precautions/Contraindications?

Answer 5

• Used to stimulate sensory and/or motor nerves in an effort to manage pain.
• Used to treat chronic pain syndrome, spinal radiculopathy, low back pain, reflex sympothetic dystrophy, complex regional pain syndrome etc
• Contraindicated with patients who are pregnant, have pacemakers, or are prone to getting seizures. . TENS “pulses” have the potential to trigger a seizure.

Question 6

Ultrasound
Description?
Indications/when to use it? Precautions/Contraindications?

Answer 6

• Deep heating modality. Sound waves are extremely low intensity and very high producing thermal and non-thermal effect
• Used to increase the extensibility of collage fibers in tendons and joint capsules, reduce muscle spasms, and modulate pain.
• Contraindicated in areas of decreased circulation, impaired sensation, and pregnancy. i.e. ultrasound never used over growth plate,

Question 7

Whirlpool
when to use it?
Precautions/contraindication

Answer 7

-Cleans/debrides open infected wound. Water temperature does not reach therapeutic range to use as a heat modality.

• Use of a whirlpool allows dressings to be removed slowly and gently reducing the pain of dressing changes in patients with sensitive wounds such as crush injuries, venous stasis,arterial insufficiency, etc.
• The warmth of the water promotes increased circulation to the wound surface, and can be soothing for the patient.

-Precautions/Contraindications: Cancer, pacemaker, pregnancy, cognitive, sensory OR vascular impairment

Question 8

Contrast baths
what is it?
why do we use it?
Contraindication?

Answer 8

• Hot/cold immersion therapy is a method of treating muscle soreness, swelling, and inflammation. It is also used for treating joint injuries, mild sprains, symptoms of chronic pain and repetitive strain injuries.
• To decrease edema

Question 9

Fluidotherapy
what is it?
why do we use it?
Contraindication?

Answer 9

Superficial heating modality that transfers heat by convection. Dried corn husks or other cellulose material are suspended by warmed circulating air Mainly used to help patients with their hands and wrists or for patients with arthritis, chronic tendonitis, postoperative conditions, postfracture management, and Raynaud’s syndrome (The fingers, toes, ears, and tip of the nose, feel numb and cool

Cautiosly used in the presence of open wounds. Open wounds must be covered with a plastic barrier to prevent cellulose particles from entering the wound.

Question 10

Interferential Current (IFC)

Answer 10

IFC uses two wave kilohhertz frequencies and creates an interference between them, resulting in a unique current Used for pain management, edema reduction, and muscle spasm reduction.

Contraindicated during pregnancy, in the presence of a cardiac pacemaker, or other implanted electrical simulators. Precautions include obesity, impaired sensation, over superficial implants, and impaired cognitive abilities