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Performing Arts Management > PAM Midterm > Flashcards

PAM Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Me generation (baby boom)

A

Markers: 1946-1964
Parents
Korean & Vietnam, JFK, Woodstock

Characters: High divorce rate, career-oriented, spenders

Some subscribe to arts

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2
Q

Generation X

A

Markers: 1965-1979
Smallest generation, probably generation skipped in politics

Computers, MTV, challengers, disasters, Sesame Street

Characteristics: non-traditional, cautionary, pessimistic, wait for kids, first generation likely to not do better than parents

Some subscribe to arts

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3
Q

Generation Y

A

Markers: 1980-2001
Internet, school violence, 9/11

Characteristic: most disgressionary, about money, expect immediate info, traditional (marriage and kids early) moral career

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4
Q

Generation Z (I)

A

2002-present
Markers: gun violence
Always had mobile

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5
Q

Types of Organization

A

Sole Proprietorship
Limited Partnership
LLC - Limited Liability Company
L3C Low-profit

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6
Q

Sole Proprietorship

A

Independence, artistic freedom, lots of profits, all capital up front, all risks, personal liability, lots of income tax

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7
Q

Limited Partnership

A

Control venture fully, shared artistic freedom, share profits and losses, some legal protection, fully accountable, taxes

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8
Q

LLC Limited Liability Company

A

Incorporates under agreement, some protection

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9
Q

L3C Low-profit limited liability company

A

Doing it for public good, not quite nonprofit

Personal risk lowers, still taxes

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10
Q

Corporation

A

Private
Public
Non-profit

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11
Q

Private

A

All profits are shared with in company, own entity, it has risks lowers

Perpetual existence, run by board of directors

Organization carries liability

Both pay taxes

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12
Q

Public

A

Traded on NASDAC, shareholders, can earn initial capital by selling stock, often high start up costs, accountable to those with shares, can vote you out

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13
Q

Non-profit

A

Most arts incorporated are 501(c)

Public service mission, exempt for federal taxes (same taxes, SS, medical care)

No lobbying

Public charities, private foundations, educational

Donations can help reduce individual donors taxes, can fundraiser, not required to pay state sales tax

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14
Q

Presenting

A

Presents other arts groups, taxes that info and works with it

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15
Q

Producing

A

Creates scratch

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16
Q

Steps for Incorporation

A

1) begins at state level, read higher lawyer
2) decide on name (some resurrections)
3) draw up articles of incorporation and by-laws, basic facts, goals, how board/trustees is set up, set standards for structure, purpose, power structure, people on board
4) state gives you fed ID then go to ORS fill out 1023 form to become 501(c)3

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17
Q

Steps for non profit status

A

Must fill out 990, public record, tax forms, lists board of directors, public record of what you made/lost

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18
Q

Mature generations

A

Markers: grandparents, depression, WWI

Character: loyal, generous, hard-working, family oriented

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19
Q

Administration

A

Board of directors

Artistic director/music director/ general manager

Executive/managing director

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20
Q

Board of directors

A

SMTD regents of UM, elected, oversee full trust, hire president of the university, the dean and chairs

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21
Q

Executive/managing director

A

Responsible for all administrative aspects

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22
Q

Producing artistic director

A

When artistic and executive director job is merged

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23
Q

Financial departments are led by

A

General/business managers

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24
Q

Financial departments

A

Book keeper
Accountant
Controller
Personnel/human relations

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25
Q

Development definition

A

Fundraising, deal with those who give major gifts, planned giving, capital gifts (something more concrete) campaigns
Special events
Membership

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26
Q

Front of House/Facilities

A

House managers, ushers

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27
Q

IT department

A

Only if organization is big enough

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28
Q

Marketing & communications departments

A

Public relations
Social media
Digital assets
Graphic designers

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29
Q

Ticketing

A

often reports to marketing
Subscriptions, group sales
Telemarketing/televising

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30
Q

Outreach/community relations/ education

A

Another department

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31
Q

Literary/dramature/librarian/ballet master

A

Another department

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32
Q

Production manager

A

Oversees all artistic departments

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33
Q

Artistic departments

A 
Casting 
Stage management 
Company manager 
Technical director 
Properties
Costumes 
Electrics 
Sound
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34
Q

Technical director

A

Scenic elements, carpenters, welder, riggers

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35
Q

Properties

A

Props! Moving stage items

Carpenters, welders, crafts, upholstering

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36
Q

Costumes

A

Stitchers, draper (make pattern so costume can be built) crafts, millinery (hat making), cobbler

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37
Q

Electronics

A

Lights (lighting designers)

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38
Q

Sound

A

Roger! Video and sound

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39
Q

Case by case hires

A

Directors/choreographers/music director/conductor

Actors/singers/dancers/musicians (can be long term or month contract)

Designers

**Volunteers, or guild!

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40
Q

Board of directors/trustees

A

Volunteers, not getting paid

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41
Q

Purpose of board of directors/trustees

A

Hold organization accountable, have legal & fiduciary (fiscal) responsibilities

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42
Q

Areas of Responsibility

A

1) policy making
2) fiscal controls and budget
3) fund raising
4) hire chief executives
5) communications
6) planning

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43
Q

Policy making

A

Drafts articles of incorporation and bi-laws (ex. On ctools)
Drafts set conflict of interest policies
Review all these in regular basis committees (executive)
Are we still achieving mission?

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44
Q

Fiscal controls and budgets

A

Personally potentially responsible, can be sued if not doing jobs

Who write checks? Limits bidding vs. paid for, reimbursement procedure, approves budget, who uses credit

Accounts for spending, public record

*compliance

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45
Q

Fundraising

A

Minimum contribution from board, diversity key so they can reach out to multiple communities

GIVE GET GO

46
Q

Hire chief executives

A

Artistic and executive director set the tone, can fire and hire

47
Q

Communications

A

Link to community (again diversity important)

48
Q

Planning

A

Set term limits elected by board 3-5 years where is the organization going

49
Q

Paper board

A

Names but no action, not fulfilling mission

Deadweight

Board shouldn’t be meddling with every day activities

50
Q

Requirements of board membership

A

Nominating committee, finance, fundraising, special events, personnel, all smaller committees

51
Q

Why Budget

A

Can help protect company, help make decisions, balanced budget

Snafu spending, keep track of money

52
Q

Budget definition

A

A financial plan, prediction of revenues/expenses

53
Q

Chart of accounts

A

Lays out line items, different categories

System that separates out costs

54
Q

Project budget

A

Mostly shows for theatre companies

55
Q

General budget

A

Everyday spending, other expenses

56
Q

Book keeping

A

Process of summarizing and classifying, a summarizing of financial data

57
Q

Budget process (7 steps)

A
  1. What do I want
  2. Costing out that list
  3. How much income can you expect and from where?
  4. Compare revenue and expense list
  5. Set priorities and adjust
  6. Board has to approve budget
  7. Monitoring and an expense line to keep budget in check
58
Q

Two ways of costing out wish list

A

Zero based - no idea how much

Incremental budgeting - based on previous info

59
Q

Two types of income (spending limitations

A

Restricted vs. non-restricted

60
Q

Reserve/contingency

A

Just in case/emergency money

61
Q

Endowments

A

All money specified for something specific, money is invested, certain percentage can be spent based on interest, everything else invested in fund so it grows, worst case scenario is breaking endowment

62
Q

Financial reasons for accounting

A

Provides info to people outside organization, follows specific conventions

63
Q

GAAP

A

Generally accepted accounting principals

Set standard for how things should be noted by accounting, insured comparability of stats

64
Q

Managerial Accounting

A

Provides info to people in organization, not helpful for day to day decisions, budgeting, cash/cost allocations, cash flow, not constrained by GAAP

65
Q

Limits of Accounting

A

Activity received/expended (limited to this), not about quality volunteers, environment impacts

66
Q

Two types of financial statements

A

Balance sheet

Income statement

67
Q

Balance sheet

A

Run in last day of fiscal year, what company owns and owes and leftovers

Statement of financial position: states state of things

Assets-Liabilities=fund balancing
Assets=Fun balancing + liabilities

68
Q

Fiscal year

A

Varies depending on the company

Usually from July to following June

69
Q

Income statement

A

Financial activity over a period of time (maybe three months)

Statement of organization: income-expenses=profit (loss)

70
Q

More about financial statements

A

Prepared on regular basis

Annual report includes both balance sheet and income statement

71
Q

Accounting conventions

A

Historical cost, recording cost as they were at the time

Periodicity and entity

72
Q

Periodicity

A

Broken down in to periods of time (quarters) consistent

73
Q

Entity

A

Separate and distinguishable from staff and officers and staff

74
Q

Accounting methods

A

Cash and accrual

75
Q

Cash

A

Keeping tech if where cash is moved

Income and withdrawals

Not big picture, no info on what people owe

76
Q

Accrual

A

Recognizes expense even the occur, income reorganized when funds committed, more accurate financial picture, much more time consuming

77
Q

Auditing

A

Most organizations required to be audited, checking conventions are being followed and following GAAP, not #’s

78
Q

Setting financial controls

A

Board sets these, someone’s making sure it’s real, monitoring budget/crack, protocol

79
Q

Copyright

A

General rule of thumb

1841: 42 years
1909: 58 years
1976: 50 years after death of author
1998: 70 years after death

80
Q

Fair use

A

Being able to use a work without laying royalties

81
Q

Public domain

A

able to be used, published, sold ad no cost

Once in a public domain, always in public domain

82
Q

Royalty holders/sources

A

Uh

83
Q

Straight Plays (Drama)

A

Dramatist play service, Samuel French, and dramatic publishing

84
Q

Dramatic publishing

A

Websites give you an idea of if you’re a amateur production what the cost would be, often going through individual artist agent, cost can redirect ability to do shows

85
Q

Musicals

A

Musical theatre international, Tans Witsmark, Samuel French, Roger & Hammerstein, theatrical rights worldwide

Restricted for periods of time (profess companies only)

Rights for show and rental materials

For amateur productions, no area restrictions

86
Q

Opera/Classical Music

A

European American Music, Boosey & Hawkes, G Schirmer, Theodore Presser (lesser extent)

87
Q

Popular/music/individual songs

A

ASCAP, BMI websites to use in search of more
Copyright information

To use a recording, need recording company rights to it and the published work

More than 30% not fair use

88
Q

ASCAP

A

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers

Can hold partial rights

89
Q

BMI

A

Broadcast Music Incorporated

90
Q

Copyright for dance

A

Go through individual choreographer, or through their estate

Most dance requires someone specific to re-stage their work, company must approve

Sometimes it comes with notation

Loosest of all rights

91
Q

Artwork

A

Stays with artist of owner of art

Must go through artist, might be going through museum

May have to get rights for decent reproduction

Vary widely

92
Q

Grand rights

A

Anything within a production (outside soundtrack or effect), usually not covered by university copyright coverage,

All about the lights! If the lights go down before something starts to play than its good

93
Q

Contract definition

A

An enforceable agreement that binds two or more parties in a legal relationship involving a mutual exchange of rights and or duties

94
Q

What does a contract tell you

A

What you receive and/or obligated to do

95
Q

Three types of contracts

A

Express contract
Implied contract
Quasi contract (or contract implied by law)

96
Q

Express contract

A

Written or aural agreement where terms are articulated by parties involved, most standard

97
Q

Implied contract

A

Agreement where there’s no evidence (aural or written) but conduct indicates the intention on part of parties to be contractually bound (restaurant)

98
Q

Quasi contract (contract implied by law)

A

Legal obligation imposed in absence of express obligation owed on account of justice and fairness, implied, assumed duty arising from transaction of the party

99
Q

Requirements of a contract (5)

A

1) must be competent parties, legal age and mentally competent
2) must be offer and acceptance
3) must be consideration, needs to be able to bargain
4) proper legal form, laws and contract varies from state to state
5) valid and lawful purpose

100
Q

Parts of contract

A

Face

Rider

101
Q

Face

A

Basic steps

Basic outline of contract, observable by all, plain without external fact

102
Q

Rider

A

Where anything above and beyond is listed, annexed to the document in order to change it, primary purpose to avoid rewriting

103
Q

Consideration area

A

Ability to bargain

104
Q

Things to check before you sign

A 
Cost 
Date 
Title & billing 
Money, how paid 
License?
Security?
105
Q

Agents

A

Hired by individuals

106
Q

Role of agent

A

Work to get you acquired work

Help negotiate best deal for client

Makes cut of what artists makes

Arts organization works with agent

107
Q

AEA

A

Actors Equity Association

Members: actors and stage managers

Salary determination: for actors equity, make agreements with groups of theaters, LORT looks at gross income over three years

108
Q

AGMA

A

American Guild of Musical Artists

Members: singers, dancers, musicians, stage managers

Salary determination: covers mostly operas and dance companies, individual contracts (specific to opera and rolls)

109
Q

SDC

A

Stage Directors and Choreographers

Salary determination: not minimum salary per week, per entire work project or period

110
Q

USA

A

United scenic artists

Members: all designers, properties artisans

Salary determination : same categories as equity, flat fee for entire work, designers paid much less :(

111
Q

AFM

A

American federation of musicians

Members: orchestras, studio musician as sometimes

Salary determination: individual negotiation organization, groups as well, orchestras often have season contract

112
Q

SAG-AFTRA

A

Screen Actors Guild -American Federation of TV & Radio artists

Members: no writers, maybe directors

Performing Arts Management (2 decks)

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