Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Medicine > PALS > Flashcards

PALS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

3 Parts of the “Evaluation”

A
  • Primary Assessment
  • Secondary Assessment
  • Diagnostic Tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of respiratory “problems”

A
  • Upper respiratory
  • Lower respiratory
  • Lung tissue disease
  • Disordered control of breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of shock?

A
  • hypovolemic
  • distributive
  • cardiogenic
  • obstructive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you classify the severity of circulatory problems?

A
  • compensated shock

- hypotensive shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 ways to classify the status of an airway

A
  • clear
  • maintainable
  • not maintainable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Assessment of breathing includes:

A
  • respiratory rate
  • respiratory effort
  • chest expansion and air movement
  • lung and airway sounds
  • O2 sats by pulse ox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Often the first sign of respiratory distress in infants

A

Tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retractions accompanied by stridor or an inspiraotry snoring sound suggest what type of respiratory problem?

A

Upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retractions accompanied by expiratory wheezing suggest what type of respiratory problem?

A
  • Lower airway obstruction (asthma or bronchiolitis)

- Causes obstruction during both inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retractions accompanied by grunting or labored respirations suggest what type of respiratory problem?

A

Lung tissue disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Volume of air inspired with each breath

A

Tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coarse, usually higher-pitched breathing sound typically heard on inspiration

A

Stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is stridor an inspiratory or expiratory sound?

A

Inspiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does stridor indicate?

A

Upper Airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Short, low-pitched sound heard during expiration

A

Grunting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does grunting indicate?

A
  • Lung tissue disease

- Perhaps progressing from respiratory distress to failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bubbling sound heard during inspiration or expiration

A

Gurgling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does gurgling indicate?

A

Upper airway obstruction from airway secretions, vomit, or blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High- or low-pitched whistling or signing sound heard most often during expiration

A

Wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does wheezing typically indicate?

A

Lower airway obstructioin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sharp inspiratory sound that sounds like several hairs rubbing together

A

Crackles (Rales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do moist crackles indicate?

A

Accumulation of alveolar fluid

23
Q

When are dry crackles usually heard (with what pathologies)?

A

Atelectasis or interstitial lung disease

24
Q

Ways to assess circulation

A
  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Pulses (both peripheral and central)
  • Capillary refill time
  • Skin color and temperature
  • Blood pressure
25
Q

Most common cause of bradycardia in children

A

Hypoxia

26
Q

What body parts are typically affected first by deterioration of perfusion and O2 delivery?

A

Hands and feet (which should normally be pink)

27
Q

Skin findings that may indicate inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues

A
  • Pallor
  • Mottling
  • Cyanosis
28
Q

Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; common normal finding during the newborn period

A

Acrocyanosis

29
Q

What are some clinical signs of brain perfusion?

A
  • Level of consciousness
  • Muscle tone
  • Pupil responses
30
Q

What are some standard evaluations of neurologic function (disability)?

A
  • AVPU Pediatric response scale
  • Glasgow Coma Scale
  • Pupil response to light
31
Q

What should you suspect if the pupils fail to constrict in response to direct light?

A

Brainstem injury

32
Q

Skin changes that may be signs of septic shock

A
  • Petechiae

- Purpura

33
Q

Components of the SAMPLE history

A
  • Signs and Symptoms at the onset of illness
  • Allergies
  • Medications, including last dose and time
  • Past medical history
  • Last meal
  • Events leading up to the current illness or injury
34
Q

Where (anatomically) can an upper airway obstruction occur?

A
  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
35
Q

Do signs of an upper airway obstruction occur most often during inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

36
Q

MC causes of lower airway obstruction

A

Asthma

Bronchiolitits

37
Q

Do signs of lower airway obstruction typically occur during inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

38
Q

Treatment suggestions for Croup

A
  • Nebulized EPI

- Steroids

39
Q

Treatment suggestions for Anaphylaxis

A
  • IM Epi
  • Albuterol
  • Antihistamines
  • Steroids
40
Q

Treatment suggestions for aspiration of a foreign body

A
  • Allow position of comfort

- Specialty consultation

41
Q

Treatment suggestions for Bronchiolitis

A
  • Nasal suctioning

- Bronchodilator trial

42
Q

Treatment suggestions for Asthma

A
  • Albuterol +/- Ipatropium
  • Steroids
  • Subcutaneous Epi
  • Mg Sulfate
  • Terbutaline
43
Q

Treatment suggestions for Pneumonia/Pneumonitis

A
  • Albuterol

- Antibiotics

44
Q

Treatment suggestions for Pulmonary edema

A
  • Ventilatory support with PEEP
  • Vasoactive support
  • Diuretic
45
Q

Treatment suggestions for increased intracranial pressures causing disorganized control of breathing

A

Avoid:

  • Hypoemia
  • Hypercapnia
  • Hyperthermia
46
Q

Treatment suggestions for Poisoning/Overdose causing disordered control of breathing

A
  • Antidote

- Contact poison control

47
Q

Treatment suggestions for Neuromuscular disease causing disordered control of breathing

A

-Noninvasive or invasive ventilatory support

48
Q

MCC of shock in children

A

Hypovolemia

49
Q

Leading cause of hypovolemic shock?

A

Fluid loss from diarrhea

50
Q

Decreased preload leading to reduced stroke volume and low cardiac output

A

Hypovolemic shock

51
Q

Main compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemic shock

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Increased SVR
  • Increased contractility
52
Q

Inappropriate distribution of blood volume with inadequate organ and tissue perfusion

A

Distributive shock

53
Q

MC forms of distributive shock

A
  • Septic shock
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Neurogenic shock

Emergency Medicine (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions