PALS Flashcards
Universal rate of compressions for all cardiac arrest victims?
100-120/min
Compression to ventilation ration for single person rescurer in adult, children, and infants?
30:2
2 rescurer ventilation to compression in infant or child?
15:2
Infant compression hands/fingers?
2 fingers or thumbs on lower half of breast bone
How far to compress infant?
1/3 AP diameter about 1.5in
Chest recoil?
All for full chest recoil to allow heart to fill
Breaths and duration after 30 compressions?
2 breaths over 1 second
When to call for help if doing CPR alone?
After 2 minutes or about 5 cycles
Infant head position during CPR?
Neutral position with ear canal at level of shoulders
Why not tilt infant head back during CPR?
Can block airway
What age to use adult AED pads vs pedi pads?
Pedi=7 and younger
Adult=8 and older
3 parts of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
- Appearance
- Work of breathing
- Circulation
Child with pulse >60 but not adequately breathing?
Open airway and 1 breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20 per min)
Child with heart rate below 60 and signs of poor perfusion?
CPR
Normal resp rate for infant?
30-53
Normal resp rate for toddler?
22-37
Normal resp rate for preschooler?
20-28
Normal resp rate for school-age child?
18-25
Normal resp rate for adolescent?
12-20
Define minute ventilation
VOlume of air that moves into our out of lungs each minute from breathing
Minute ventilation formula
Minute Ventilation=Resp Rate x Tidal Volume
Coarse, high-pitched breathing typically heard during inspiration?
Stridor
Stridor is a sign of what?
Upper airway obstruction
High-pitch or low-pitch whistling sound heard during expiration?
Wheezing
What does wheezing represent?
Lower airway obstruction
Crackles aka
Rales
Sharp, crackling inspiratory sounds
Crackles
Dry crackles represents what?
Atelectasis and instersitial lung dusease
Wet crackles represent what?
Accumulation of alveolar fluid and lung disase
Normal SP02?
> 94% on room air
SP02 of less than what indicates hypoxemia?
Less than 94%
Heart rate does what with inspiration?
Increases
Heart rate does what with expiration?
Decreases
Heart rate greater than what in infant or toddler can be sign of serious condition
> 180/min
Heart rate greater than what in >2 years can be sign of serious condition
> 160
Normal capillary refill time?
<2 seconds
Hypotension SBP in neonates?
<60
Hypotension SBP in infants?
<70
Hypotension SBP in children 1-10y?
<70 + (age in years x 2)
Hypotension SBP in >10y?
<90
Hypoglycemia in newborn?
<45
Hypoglycemia in child?
≤60
When to start CPR if arrest occurs
Within 10 seconds
6 H’s of reversible conditions in cardiac arrest?
Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen ion (Acidosis) Hypoglycemia Hypo or Hyper-kalemia Hypothermia
5 t’s of reversible conditions in cardiac arrest?
Tension pneumothorax Tamponade (cardiac) Toxins Thrombosis, pulmonary Thrombosis, coronary
Cardiac arrest associated with which 4 arrythmias?
- Asystole
- PEA
- VF
- pVT, including torasde
2 types of VTach? (hint: morphology)
- Monomorphic
2. Polymorphic
Torsades mono or polymorphic VTach?
Polymorphic VTach
3 drug delivery routes in order of preference
- IV
- IO
- ETT
