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PALS Flashcards

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1
Q

Once cardiac arrest occurs outside of the hospital setting, even with optimal resuscitation efforts, what is rate of survival till discharge from the hospital?

A

4%-13%

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2
Q

Once cardiac arrest occurs inside the hospital setting, even with optimal resuscitation efforts, what the rate of survival to hospital discharge?

A

33%

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3
Q

What are three components of an initial impression of a pediatric patient?

A

Consciousness

Breathing

Color

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4
Q

What is included in a primary assessment?

A

Rapid hands on ABCDE

Vital Signs

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5
Q

What are the termed components of the ABCDE assessment?

A 
A - Airway
B - breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disability
E - Exposure
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6
Q

If patient is under 1 year of age and treating for possible obstruction, what is the number of back slaps and chest thrusts to be performed?

A

Back Slaps : 5

Chest Thrusts : 5

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7
Q

Assessment of breathing includes evaluation of what?

A

Respiratory Rate

Respiratory Effort

Respiratory Movements

Respiratory Lung and Airway Sounds

Pulse Ox and Capnography Readings

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8
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for an infant?

A

30-60 Breaths Per Minute

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9
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a toddler?

A

24-40 Breaths Per Minute

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10
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a preschooler (4-5years)?

A

22-34 Breaths Per Minute

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11
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a school age (6-12 years)?

A

18-30 Breaths Per Minute

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12
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for an adolescent (14-18 years)?

A

12-16 Breaths Per Minute

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13
Q

What are 3 signs of increased respiratory effort?

A 
Nasal Flaring
Retractions
Head Bobbing
Nasal Flaring
Seesaw Respirations
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14
Q

What is a sub costal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the abdomen, just below the rib cage

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15
Q

What is a substernal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the abdomen at the bottom of the breast bone.

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16
Q

What is an intercostal retractive movement?

A

Retractions seen between the ribs.

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17
Q

In children most cardiac arrests result from?

A

Respiratory failure, shock, or both.

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18
Q

What is a supraclavicular retractive movement?

A

Retraction in neck, just above the collar bones.

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19
Q

What is a suprasternal retractive movement?

A

Retraction in the chest, just above the breastbone.

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20
Q

What is a sternal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the sternum towards the spine.

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21
Q

What types of retractive movements may be seen as mild to moderate respiratory distress?

A

Subcostal
Substernal
Intercostal

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22
Q

What types of retractive movements that indicate severe respiratory distress?

A

Supraclavicular
Suprasternal
Sternal

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23
Q

What are retractive movements?

A

Inward movements of the chest wall, neck, or sternum during inspiration.

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24
Q

What is nasal flaring?

A

Dilation of the nostrils with each inhalation in an attempt to increase air flow.

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25
What is head bobbing?
Use of the neck muscles to assist in breathing.
26
What are seesaw respirations?
When chest retracts and abdomen expands during inspiration and the reverse on expiration.
27
What is another term for crackles?
Rales
28
Name 3 assessments of circulatory system?
``` Heart Rate Heart Rhythm Pulses Cap Refill Skin Color Skin Temperature Blood Pressure ```
29
What are three drugs that can be used in the case of hypotensive shock?
Epinephrine Dopamine Norepinephrine
30
What three drugs can be used in the case of normotensive shock?
Dobutamine Dopamine Epinephrine Milrinone
31
Sudden deterioration of an intimated patient may be caused by many things, what is the mnemonic for trouble shooting?
D - Displacement of the tube. O - Obtruction of the tube. P - Pneumothorax E - Equipment Failure
32
Cardiac arrest in children may be associated with a reversible condition, H's & T's. What do the H's stand for?
``` Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis) Hyper/ Hypokalemia Hypoglycemia Hypothermia ```
33
Cardiac arrest in children may be associated with a reversible condition, H's & T's. What do the T's stand for?
Tension Pneumothorax Tamponade Toxins Thrombosis
34
What is the initial energy dose for pediatric defibrillation?
2 J/kg
35
What dosage of energy is indicated if first defibrillation attempt is unsuccessful in pediatric patient?
4 J/kg
36
What drug is first line drug is indicated for ventricular tachycardia and or ventricular fibrillation?
Epinephrine
37
What first line drug is indicated for refractory ventricular tachycardia and or ventricular fibrillation?
Amiodorone
38
What second line drug is indicated for refractory ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?
Lidocaine
39
How long is a pulse check performed for?
No greater than 10 seconds
40
What is the recommended chest compression rate for infants through adult?
At least 100/ min
41
How often is a breath administered when an advance airway is in place?
Every 6 to 8 seconds
42
What is the target breaths per minute for the incubated patient during CPR?
8-10 Breaths per Minute
43
What is the chest compression depth for an infant?
1 1/2 Inches (1/3 AP Diameter of Chest)
44
What is the compression depth for children?
2 Inches (1/3 AP Diameter of Chest)
45
What is the the chest compression depth for an adult?
At least 3 inches
46
What is the initial energy dose for a synchronized cardioversion of a pediatric patient?
0.5-1 J/kg
47
What is the repeat energy dose for a synchronized cardioversion of a pediatric patient?
2 J/kg
48
What is the dosage of Amiodorone?
5mg/kg
49
How long is Amiodorone infused over?
20-60 Minutes With Pulse | Rapid Bolus Without Pulse
50
What is the initial dose of adenosine?
0.1 mg/kg
51
What is the repeat dose of adenosine?
0.2mg/kg
52
With what rhythms is cardioversion attempted?
SVT and VT with a pulse
53
What is the dosage for IV Atropine in a pediatric patient with symptomatic bradycardia?
0.02 mg/kg Min Single Dose 0.1mg Max Single Dose 0.5mg Max Total Dose Child 1mg Max Total Dose adolescent 3mg
54
What is the dose of atropine for intubation of the pediatric patient?
0.01-0.02mg/kg Min Dose 0.1mg Max Dose 0.5mg
55
What is the dose for D10W in the hypoglycemic pediatric patient?
5-10ml/kg
56
What is the dosage for diphenhydramine IV?
1-2ng/kg Max Dose 50mg
57
What is the dosage of epinephrine IVP in the pediatric patient?
0.01mg/kg Max Dose at a Time 1mg May be repeated every 3-5 minutes.
58
What is the dosage of a continuous infusion of epinephrine?
1mcg/kg/min
59
What is the loading Bolus of IV lidocaine in the pediatric patient?
1mg/kg
60
What is the maintenance rate after initial Bolus of Lidocaine in the pediatric patient?
20-50 mcg/kg/min
61
What is the target range for therapeutic hypothermia?
89.6 - 93.2 Degrees F (32-34C)
62
What is the age of a neonate?
Birth to 1 Month
63
What is the age of an infant?
1-12 Months
64
What is the age of a toddler?
1-3 Years
65
What is the age of a preschooler?
4-5 Years
66
What is the age of a school age child?
6-12 Years
67
What is the age of an adolescent?
Puberty - 18 Years
68
What is the Compression-Ventilation ratio in one rescuer CPR?
30:2
69
What is the Compression-Ventilation ratio in 2 rescuer CPR?
15:2
70
What locations are appropriate for IO placement?
Proximal Tibia Distal Tibia Distal Femur Anterior-Superior Illiac Spine
71
When can an IO be placed in the humerus?
Only in older children and adults
72
When should vasopressin so such as norepinephrine and epinephrine be used?
For fluid refractory hypotension.
73
What is considered hypoglycemia is term and pre-term infants?
74
What is considered hypoglycemia in infants, children, and adolescents?
75
What are the types of shock?
Hypovolemic Distributive Cardiogenic Obstructive
76
What types of shock does distributive shock encompass?
Septic Shock Anaphylactic Shock Neurogenic Shock

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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