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Pediatrics > PALS > Flashcards

PALS Flashcards

1
Q

Once cardiac arrest occurs outside of the hospital setting, even with optimal resuscitation efforts, what is rate of survival till discharge from the hospital?

A

4%-13%

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2
Q

Once cardiac arrest occurs inside the hospital setting, even with optimal resuscitation efforts, what the rate of survival to hospital discharge?

A

33%

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3
Q

What are three components of an initial impression of a pediatric patient?

A

Consciousness

Breathing

Color

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4
Q

What is included in a primary assessment?

A

Rapid hands on ABCDE

Vital Signs

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5
Q

What are the termed components of the ABCDE assessment?

A 
A - Airway
B - breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disability
E - Exposure
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6
Q

If patient is under 1 year of age and treating for possible obstruction, what is the number of back slaps and chest thrusts to be performed?

A

Back Slaps : 5

Chest Thrusts : 5

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7
Q

Assessment of breathing includes evaluation of what?

A

Respiratory Rate

Respiratory Effort

Respiratory Movements

Respiratory Lung and Airway Sounds

Pulse Ox and Capnography Readings

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8
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for an infant?

A

30-60 Breaths Per Minute

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9
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a toddler?

A

24-40 Breaths Per Minute

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10
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a preschooler (4-5years)?

A

22-34 Breaths Per Minute

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11
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for a school age (6-12 years)?

A

18-30 Breaths Per Minute

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12
Q

What is the normal respiratory range in breaths per minute for an adolescent (14-18 years)?

A

12-16 Breaths Per Minute

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13
Q

What are 3 signs of increased respiratory effort?

A 
Nasal Flaring
Retractions
Head Bobbing
Nasal Flaring
Seesaw Respirations
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14
Q

What is a sub costal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the abdomen, just below the rib cage

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15
Q

What is a substernal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the abdomen at the bottom of the breast bone.

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16
Q

What is an intercostal retractive movement?

A

Retractions seen between the ribs.

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17
Q

In children most cardiac arrests result from?

A

Respiratory failure, shock, or both.

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18
Q

What is a supraclavicular retractive movement?

A

Retraction in neck, just above the collar bones.

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19
Q

What is a suprasternal retractive movement?

A

Retraction in the chest, just above the breastbone.

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20
Q

What is a sternal retractive movement?

A

Retraction of the sternum towards the spine.

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21
Q

What types of retractive movements may be seen as mild to moderate respiratory distress?

A

Subcostal
Substernal
Intercostal

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22
Q

What types of retractive movements that indicate severe respiratory distress?

A

Supraclavicular
Suprasternal
Sternal

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23
Q

What are retractive movements?

A

Inward movements of the chest wall, neck, or sternum during inspiration.

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24
Q

What is nasal flaring?

A

Dilation of the nostrils with each inhalation in an attempt to increase air flow.

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25
Q

What is head bobbing?

A

Use of the neck muscles to assist in breathing.

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26
Q

What are seesaw respirations?

A

When chest retracts and abdomen expands during inspiration and the reverse on expiration.

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27
Q

What is another term for crackles?

A

Rales

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28
Q

Name 3 assessments of circulatory system?

A 
Heart Rate
Heart Rhythm
Pulses
Cap Refill
Skin Color
Skin Temperature
Blood Pressure
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29
Q

What are three drugs that can be used in the case of hypotensive shock?

A

Epinephrine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine

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30
Q

What three drugs can be used in the case of normotensive shock?

A

Dobutamine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Milrinone

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31
Q

Sudden deterioration of an intimated patient may be caused by many things, what is the mnemonic for trouble shooting?

A

D - Displacement of the tube.
O - Obtruction of the tube.
P - Pneumothorax
E - Equipment Failure

32
Q

Cardiac arrest in children may be associated with a reversible condition, H’s & T’s. What do the H’s stand for?

A 
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis)
Hyper/ Hypokalemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia
33
Q

Cardiac arrest in children may be associated with a reversible condition, H’s & T’s. What do the T’s stand for?

A

Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis

34
Q

What is the initial energy dose for pediatric defibrillation?

A

2 J/kg

35
Q

What dosage of energy is indicated if first defibrillation attempt is unsuccessful in pediatric patient?

A

4 J/kg

36
Q

What drug is first line drug is indicated for ventricular tachycardia and or ventricular fibrillation?

A

Epinephrine

37
Q

What first line drug is indicated for refractory ventricular tachycardia and or ventricular fibrillation?

A

Amiodorone

38
Q

What second line drug is indicated for refractory ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?

A

Lidocaine

39
Q

How long is a pulse check performed for?

A

No greater than 10 seconds

40
Q

What is the recommended chest compression rate for infants through adult?

A

At least 100/ min

41
Q

How often is a breath administered when an advance airway is in place?

A

Every 6 to 8 seconds

42
Q

What is the target breaths per minute for the incubated patient during CPR?

A

8-10 Breaths per Minute

43
Q

What is the chest compression depth for an infant?

A

1 1/2 Inches (1/3 AP Diameter of Chest)

44
Q

What is the compression depth for children?

A

2 Inches (1/3 AP Diameter of Chest)

45
Q

What is the the chest compression depth for an adult?

A

At least 3 inches

46
Q

What is the initial energy dose for a synchronized cardioversion of a pediatric patient?

A

0.5-1 J/kg

47
Q

What is the repeat energy dose for a synchronized cardioversion of a pediatric patient?

A

2 J/kg

48
Q

What is the dosage of Amiodorone?

A

5mg/kg

49
Q

How long is Amiodorone infused over?

A

20-60 Minutes With Pulse

Rapid Bolus Without Pulse

50
Q

What is the initial dose of adenosine?

A

0.1 mg/kg

51
Q

What is the repeat dose of adenosine?

A

0.2mg/kg

52
Q

With what rhythms is cardioversion attempted?

A

SVT and VT with a pulse

53
Q

What is the dosage for IV Atropine in a pediatric patient with symptomatic bradycardia?

A

0.02 mg/kg

Min Single Dose 0.1mg
Max Single Dose 0.5mg

Max Total Dose Child 1mg
Max Total Dose adolescent 3mg

54
Q

What is the dose of atropine for intubation of the pediatric patient?

A

0.01-0.02mg/kg

Min Dose 0.1mg
Max Dose 0.5mg

55
Q

What is the dose for D10W in the hypoglycemic pediatric patient?

A

5-10ml/kg

56
Q

What is the dosage for diphenhydramine IV?

A

1-2ng/kg

Max Dose 50mg

57
Q

What is the dosage of epinephrine IVP in the pediatric patient?

A

0.01mg/kg

Max Dose at a Time 1mg

May be repeated every 3-5 minutes.

58
Q

What is the dosage of a continuous infusion of epinephrine?

A

1mcg/kg/min

59
Q

What is the loading Bolus of IV lidocaine in the pediatric patient?

A

1mg/kg

60
Q

What is the maintenance rate after initial Bolus of Lidocaine in the pediatric patient?

A

20-50 mcg/kg/min

61
Q

What is the target range for therapeutic hypothermia?

A

89.6 - 93.2 Degrees F (32-34C)

62
Q

What is the age of a neonate?

A

Birth to 1 Month

63
Q

What is the age of an infant?

A

1-12 Months

64
Q

What is the age of a toddler?

A

1-3 Years

65
Q

What is the age of a preschooler?

A

4-5 Years

66
Q

What is the age of a school age child?

A

6-12 Years

67
Q

What is the age of an adolescent?

A

Puberty - 18 Years

68
Q

What is the Compression-Ventilation ratio in one rescuer CPR?

A

30:2

69
Q

What is the Compression-Ventilation ratio in 2 rescuer CPR?

A

15:2

70
Q

What locations are appropriate for IO placement?

A

Proximal Tibia
Distal Tibia
Distal Femur
Anterior-Superior Illiac Spine

71
Q

When can an IO be placed in the humerus?

A

Only in older children and adults

72
Q

When should vasopressin so such as norepinephrine and epinephrine be used?

A

For fluid refractory hypotension.

73
Q

What is considered hypoglycemia is term and pre-term infants?

A
74
Q

What is considered hypoglycemia in infants, children, and adolescents?

A
75
Q

What are the types of shock?

A

Hypovolemic
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Obstructive

76
Q

What types of shock does distributive shock encompass?

A

Septic Shock
Anaphylactic Shock
Neurogenic Shock

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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