PALS

Question 0

respiratory rate infant toddler 1-3 years

Answer 0

24-40

toddlers fall 24 - 40 times a day

Question 1

respiratory rate infant <1 year

Answer 1

30-60

babies cry 30 - 60 times a day

Question 2

respiratory rate preschooler 4-5 years

Answer 2

22-34

4-5 years old ask 22-34 questions a day

Question 3

respiratory rate grade school age 6-12 years

Answer 3

18-30

6-12 years old think they are smarter than 18-30 year olds

Question 4

respiratory rate adolescent 13-18 years

Answer 4

12-18

13-18 years, basically same as age 12-18

Question 5

heart rate sleeping to awake <3 months

Answer 5

80-205

Question 6

heart rate sleeping to awake 3 mo. to 2 years

Answer 6

75-190

Question 7

heart rate sleeping to awake 2-10 years

Answer 7

60-140

Question 8

heart rate sleeping to awake >10 years

Answer 8

50-100

Question 9

hypotension by age <1 month

Answer 9

<60

Question 10

hypotension by age 1 month - 1 year

Answer 10

<70

Question 11

hypotension by age 1-10 years

Answer 11

<70 + (age x 2)

70 + (4 x 2 = 8) 78

Question 12

hypotension by age >10 years

Answer 12

<90

Question 13

6 H’s

Answer 13

hypoxia
hypovolemia
hypothermia
hypoglycemia
hypo/hyperkalemia
hydrogen ions

Question 14

5 T’s

Answer 14

tamponade
tension pneumo
toxins
thrombosis x 2 pulmonary or cardiac

Question 15

four respiratory pathways

Answer 15

upper obstruction
lower obstruction
lung tissue dz
disordered control

Question 16

two types of hypovolemic

Answer 16

dehydration

hemorrhagic

Question 17

three types of distributive

Answer 17

septic
anaphylactic
neurogenic

Question 18

three types of cardiogenic

Answer 18

brady
tachy with poor perfusion
low output

Question 19

four types of obstructive

Answer 19

tension pneumo
cardiac tamponade
PE
ductal dependent

Question 20

DOPE

Answer 20

displaced
obstructed
pneumothorax
equipment

Question 21

adenosine 1st and 2nd dose

Answer 21

0. 1 mg/kg
1. 2 mg/kg

max 6 and 12 respectively

Question 22

amiodarone

Answer 22

5 mg/kg either bolus for vf/nonperfusing vt, or 5mg/kg over 20-60 minutes for perfusing vtach and svt

max 15mg/kg in 24 hours

Question 23

atropine

Answer 23

20 mcg/kg

do not give less than 100 mcg

max dose 500 mcg at once, 1000 mcg total

Question 24

epinephrine

Answer 24

10 mcg/kg IV
100 mcg/kg ETT

0.1 - 1 mcg/kg/min for shock, titrate to effect

Question 25

maximum recommended glucose is

Answer 25

d25%

Question 26

electricity

Answer 26

synchronized cardioversion 0.5-1 j/kg first, then 2 j/kg second

defibrillate dose 2 j/kg first, 4 j/kg second, up to 10 j/kg subsequent

Question 27

SVT vs ST in infants

Answer 27

>220 = svt
<220 = sinus tach

Question 28

SVT vs ST in children

Answer 28

>180 = svt
<180 = sinus tach