PALS

Question 0

Characteristics of respiratory failure

Answer 0

Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Increased, or decreased respiratory effort
Poor to absent distal air movement 
Tachycardia 
Bradycardia
Cyanosis, stupor, coma

Question 1

What produces prolonged expiratory and wheezes

Answer 1

Lower airway obstructions
Asthma
Bronchiolitis

Question 2

Characteristics of respiratory failure

Answer 2

Can result from upper or lower respiratory obstruction, lung disease, and disordered control of breathing

Question 3

What abnormality would lung tissue disease cause

Answer 3

Respiratory distress or failure
Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary contusion, allergic reaction, toxins, vasculitis,
Tachypnea, increased respiratory efforts, grunting, crackles, diminished breath sounds, hypoxemia

Question 4

Fluid bolus administration

Answer 4

10-20 mL/kg over isotonic crystalloid over 5-20 min

Or smaller bolus of 5-10 mL/kg 10-20 min

Question 5

What to do for collapsed lung

Answer 5

Needle decompression

Tube thoracostomy

Question 6

Signs of pneumothorax

Answer 6

Tracheal deviation
Hyperresonance
Diminished breath sounds on affected side

Question 7

Target oxygen sat when obtaining ROSC

Answer 7

Equal or greater than 94%

Question 8

What happens after suctioning airway

Answer 8

May increase agitation and respiratory distress

Pulse pulse may change after removing obstruction

Question 9

Bronchiolitis

Answer 9

Ventilation/perfusion imbalance
Mismatch of ventilation and perfusion
Blood flow through areas inadequately ventilated results in incomplete oxygenation of blood returning to heart
Results in decrease in O2 sat and PcO2
Treat with suction or epi Albuterol treatment

Question 10

Vagal maneuver for 6 month old

Answer 10

Apply ice to upper half of face for 15-20 seconds

Question 11

Initial meds for anapalaxis

Answer 11

Chest compression
Large volume of isotonic crystalloid
Epi .01 mg/kg .1mL/kg 1:10,000

Question 12

Treatment for narrow SVT unstable

Answer 12

12 lead
Vagal
Adenosine 0.1 mg/kg
Synchronized cardioversion 0.5-1 J/kg then 2J/kg

Question 13

CPR 2 rescuer

Answer 13

15:2

Question 14

CPR 1 rescuer

Answer 14

30:2

Question 15

Epi dose

Answer 15

IV, IO 0.01 mg/kg or 0.1 mL/kg 1:10,000

ET 0.1 mg/kg 0.1 mL/kg of 1:1,000

Question 16

What would be an abnormality after a seizure and irregular respirations

Answer 16

Disordered control breathing

Decreased LOC

Question 17

Ways to gain vascular access while administering fluid bolus

Answer 17

IV, IO, ET

Question 18

Treatment for croup, stridor, moderate retractions

Answer 18

Nebulized epi
Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone)
Humidified O2

Question 19

Hypotensive shock

Answer 19

Develops when physiologic attempts to maintain systolic BP and perfusion are no longer effective
Key sign is deterioration of LOC

Question 20

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 20

Marked tachycardia high SVR decreased cardiac output, end- diastolic volume within the left and right ventricles is increased resulting in congestion in pulmonary and systemic system
Leads to pulmonary edema, and increased work of breathing

Question 21

Compensating acting shock

Answer 21

Systolic pressure normal but inadequate tissue perfusion

Body is able to maintain BP despite impaired delivery of O2 and nutrients to vital organs

Question 22

SVT treatment

Answer 22

Narrow- vagal, adenosine, cardioversion
Wide- cardioversion for unstable
Stable- adenosine, Amiodarone, Procainamide

Question 23

Sick kid in respiratory arrest poor SpO2

Answer 23

Give O2

Question 24

Respiratory failure pulse low, no breaths on one side tubed patient

Answer 24

Check tube placement

Check possible pneumothorax

Question 25

Respiratory distress

Answer 25

Clinical state characterized by abnormal respiratory rate or effort
Rate may increase

Question 26

Respiratory failure

Answer 26

Clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation or both
End stage of distress
Little to no respiratory effort
Bradycardia

Question 27

Disordered control breathing

Answer 27

Inadequate respiratory rat effort or both
Causes neurological disorders
Seizures 
CNS infection
Brain tumor

Question 28

Sick kid low BP rr 36 cap less than 2 high fever and lethargic

Answer 28

Sepsis

Septic shock

Question 29

Hypotension treatment after ROSC

Answer 29

Consider 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus
Consider vasopressor support 
Epi
Dopamine
Norepinephrine