PALS

Question 1

Upper Airway Obstruction common cause

Answer 1

FACES (foreign body, anaphylaxis, croup, epiglottis, swelling)

Question 2

Key sign of Upper Airway Obstruction

Answer 2

stridor

Question 3

Stridor characteristic

Answer 3

Inspiratory wheeze

Question 4

Treatment for croup

Answer 4

Racemic Epi (nebulized epi), dexamethasone Q4

Question 5

Lower Airway Obstruction common causes

Answer 5

Asthma or bronchiolitis

Question 6

Key sign of Lower Airway Obstruction

Answer 6

prolonged expiratory phase

Question 7

Treatment for asthma

Answer 7

O2, albuterol/xoponex, steroids (prednisolone), remove trigger

Question 8

Treatment for bronchiolitis

Answer 8

Suction!! Deep suction not necessary

Question 9

Lung tissue disease common causes

Answer 9

pneumonia or pulmonary edema

Question 10

S/S of lung tissue disease

Answer 10

increased WOB, hypoxia, crackles

Question 11

Treatment for lung tissue disease

Answer 11

O2, suction, culture, antibiotic

Question 12

Common causes of disordered control of breathing

Answer 12

Ineffective ventilation or oxygenation often related to neurological or pharmacological factors

Question 13

What is the antidote for benzos?

Answer 13

Flumazenil

Question 14

When would flumazenil not be given?

Answer 14

Status epilepticus

Question 15

Hypovolemic shock can be

Answer 15

hemorrhagic vs non-hemorrhagic

Question 16

Hypovolemic shock treatment

Answer 16

get IV/IO access, give isotonic fluids, start pressors

Question 17

For hypovolemic shock, what should you do after each bolus?

Answer 17

Reassess

Question 18

Why would you start pressors in hypovolemic shock?

Answer 18

Protect kidneys

Question 19

Distributive shock types

Answer 19

Neurogenic, sepsis, anaphylaxis

Question 20

First line for anaphylaxis

Answer 20

Epi

Question 21

Treatment for distributive shock

Answer 21

IV/IO access, give isotonic fluids (20mL/kg), cultures/labs, treat fever, antibiotics

Question 22

Despite boluses, what will you need to stablize in distributive sahock

Answer 22

Pressors

Question 23

If recently taken Tylenol, what can be an alternative?

Answer 23

Torodol

Question 24

3 types of obstructive shock

Answer 24

Tamponade, thrombus, tension pneumothorax

Question 25

Tamponade characteristics

Answer 25

Muffled or diminished heart sounds

Question 26

Emergency tamponade treatment

Answer 26

Pericardiocentesis if impending or actual pulseless arrest

Question 26

Tamponade treatment

Answer 26

Fluid administration to augment CO2 and perfusion until pericardial drainage can occur

Question 27

Thrombus treatment

Answer 27

anticoagulants

Question 28

Tension pneumothorax treatment

Answer 28

immediate needle decompression

Question 29

Where should needle decompression take place?

Answer 29

2nd ICS and midclavicular line

Question 30

What can you use to support all methods of obstructive shock?

Answer 30

O2, ventillary assistance, fluid therapy (if poor perfusion)

Question 31

What can you do with a patient in shock with a history or cardiac or renal issues?

Answer 31

fluid bolus at 10mL/kg

Question 32

Cardiogenic characteristics

Answer 32

Primary pump failure

Question 33

What does cardiogenic usually appear as?

Answer 33

Respiratory

Question 34

Treatment for cardiogenic shock

Answer 34

isotonic fluid bolus and REASSESS

Question 35

Key sign of cardiogenic shock

Answer 35

Patient condition worsens with boluses

Question 36

What should you do when you identify cardiogenic shock?

Answer 36

Consult cardiology

Question 37

SVT

Answer 37

abrupt increase in HR that does not vary with activity

Question 38

SVT BPM

Answer 38

>220

Question 39

SVT treatment

Answer 39

ice to face, adenosine, cardiovert

Question 40

Key to giving adenosine

Answer 40

Quickly w/ stop cock d/t short half life

Question 41

SVT cardiovert dosing

Answer 41

0.5-1j/kg, w/ max of 2j/kg

Question 42

Sinus bradycardia treatment

Answer 42

stim, oxygenate, ventilate, start CPR

Question 43

What can you consider if brady is consistent?

Answer 43

Atropine

Question 44

EPI dosing and timing

Answer 44

0.01 mg/kg Q3-5 min

Question 45

How often should you change compressors?

Answer 45

Every 2 minutes

Question 46

What is PEA?

Answer 46

Pulseless Electrical Activity

Question 47

Treatment for Asystole/PEA

Answer 47

CPR, BMV, epi

Question 48

Order of treatment for rhythms

Answer 48

Shock, shock, epi, shock, amiodarone

Question 49

V-tach

Answer 49

100-250bpm, regular rhythm, and wide QRS

Question 50

V-fib

Answer 50

HR too rapid, irregular rhythm, varying QRS

Question 51

Vtach/Vfib treatment

Answer 51

CPR, defib

Question 52

Vtach/Vfib shock dosing

Answer 52

1st: 2-4 j/kg, 2nd: 4j/kg, 3rd: 4j/kg + (max of 10j/kg)

Question 53

Primary assessment

Answer 53

ABC (airway, breathing, circulation)

Question 54

Secondary Assessment

Answer 54

SAMPLE (symptoms, allergies, medications, PMH, last oral intake, events)

Question 55

H's

Answer 55

Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypo/hyperkalemia, acidosis

Question 56

T's

Answer 56

Tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxins, thrombosis,