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PALS > PALS > Flashcards

PALS Flashcards

1
Q

what type of airway tube do you use for kids

A

cuffed

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2
Q

risk of intubation in kids

A

pressure necrosis

cardiac arrest outweighs this risk

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3
Q

what is pressure necrosis

A

blockage of carotid bodies

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4
Q

mc cause of cardiac arrest for peds

A

respiratory

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5
Q

ventilation rate for peds

A

1 breath q 2-3 sec

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6
Q

how much air per breath for kids

A

just enough to see chest rise a little

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7
Q

what does EII stand for

A

evaluate

initial assessment

intervene

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8
Q

3 signs of life threatening situation for peds

A

apneic

mottled

cyanotic

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9
Q

3 kid vitals we care about

A

pulse

SpO2

bp

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10
Q

what happens to SpO2 and bp as kids get sicker

A

stable until they plummet

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11
Q

what happens to pulse rate as kids get sicker

A

tachycardic until plummet

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12
Q

what is the pediatric triangle

A

appearance

wob

circulation

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13
Q

appearance includes

A

TICLES:

tone

irritability

consolable

look (general impression)

eyesight/gaze

speech

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14
Q

2 major (indicate sicker pt) components of WOB

A

quality of breathing

breath sounds

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15
Q

minor component of WOB (we care less about it in terms of sickness)

A

RR

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16
Q

what are some examples of wob (4)

A

accessory muscle use

grunting

nasal flaring

seesaw breathing

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17
Q

2 indicators of circulation

A

cap refill

skin signs

pulse

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18
Q

formula for sbp goal for peds

A

70 + (2 x age)

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19
Q

definition of shock

A

inadequate tissue perfusion

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20
Q

major indicator of shock

A

delayed cap refill

unless kid was outside playing in snow

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21
Q

t/f: a kid can have delayed cap refill and not be hypotensive

A

T!

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22
Q

hypoxic parameter for peds

A

< 94%

even in higher elevations

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23
Q

what breath sound indicates an upper airway emergency

A

stridor

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24
Q

is stridor inspiratory or expiratory

A

inspiratory

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25
Q

upper airway emergencies are a __ issue

A

positioning

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26
Q

upper airway emergencies include (3)

A

croup

anaphylaxis

foreign body

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27
Q

4 sx of croup

A

steeple sign

seal like cough

nighttime cough

winter time (not really a sign but you get it)

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28
Q

croup usually affects what age group

A

18 months or younger

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29
Q

tx for anaphylaxis

A

epi

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30
Q

tx for foreign body

A

5 thrusts on back : 5 chest compressions

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31
Q

other strategy for foreign body

A

McGill’s

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32
Q

t/f: you can use intubation tube to try to shove FB lower down in peds

A

F!

you can only do this in adults

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33
Q

best way to open baby’s airway

A

1-2” towel roll between shoulder blades

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34
Q

breath sound that indicates lower airway emergency

A

wheezing

(same-same rales/ronchi/crackkles)

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35
Q

are lower airway emergencies inspiratory or expiratory

A

expiratory

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36
Q

lower airway emergencies are __ until proven otherwise

A

asthma

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37
Q

tx for asthma

A

albuterol

38
Q

how do you differentiate btw asthma and other lower airway emergencies

A

albuterol

if it helps OR makes it worse, treat it as asthma

39
Q

if albuterol does not make a difference for kid, consider __

A

bronchiolitis

40
Q

tx for bronchiolitis

A

deep, aggressive nasal suctioning

41
Q

mc cause of PNA in peds

A

aspiration

42
Q

tx for pulmonary edema in kids

A

PEEP

push fluid back down into vasculature

43
Q

3 types of shock in peds

A

hypovolemic

neurogenic

cardiogenic

44
Q

4 sx of hypovolemic shock

A

dry mm

skin turgor

reduced lacrimation

reduced urine output

45
Q

neurogenic shock is caused by

A

spinal cord injury

46
Q

cardiogenic shock in peds is caused by

A

affected heart: CHF/cardiomyopathy

VS

speed induced (too fast/too slow)

47
Q

tx for cardiogenic shock in peds

A

give fluids

don’t do this for adults

48
Q

dose for defibrillation in peds

A

2,4,6,8

49
Q

mc cause of bradycardia in peds

A

hypoxia

50
Q

tx for bradycardia

A

epi

51
Q

bradycardia caused by __ can not be treated w. epi

A

high grade heart blocks

52
Q

tx for high grade heart blocks

A

go straight to pacing

53
Q

2 signs of beginning stages of shock

A

mottling

cap refill

54
Q

1st and 2nd organs affected by shock

A
  1. skin
  2. brain
55
Q

what does ABCDEFG stand for

A

airway

breathing

circulation

don’t

ever

forget

glucose

56
Q

mc CNS issue in kids

A

trauma

57
Q

sign of CNS issue in kids

A

neurogenic cry → high pitched

58
Q

only time sick kid will cry

A

neurogenic shock

59
Q

how to distinguish metabolic vs CNS issue in kids

A

BG

60
Q

how can you tell when shock has become unstable in peds

A

vitals plummet

61
Q

vital esp important to identify uncompensated shock in peds

A

bp

62
Q

compression depth for child

A

~2 in

OR

⅓ AP depth of chest

63
Q

compression depth for infant

A

~1.5 in

OR

⅓ AP depth of chest

64
Q

adult compression to breath ratio

A

30:2

65
Q

2 rescuer compression to breath ratio for kids

A

15:2

66
Q

1 rescuer compression to breath ratio for kids

A

30:2

67
Q

tx for child/adult choking

A

abdominal thrusts

68
Q

tx for infant choking

A

5 back blows:5 chest thrusts

69
Q

what do you do if a choking adult/kid loses consciousness

A

start CPR

check to se if object is in airway after each round

70
Q

6 components of shock management for peds

A

O2

SpO2

ECG

IV/IO

BLS

BG

71
Q

management of non hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock for peds

A

20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat as needed

+/- colloid

72
Q

management of hemorrhagic shock for peds

A

control bleeding

20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat 2-3 x

transfuse PRBCs PRN

73
Q

management of anaphylactic shock for peds

A

epi

fluid bolus

albuterol

antihistamines/steroids

epi infusion

74
Q

tx for neurogenic shock

A

20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat PRN

pressors

75
Q

management of cardiogenic shock caused by broken heart (CHD/myocarditis/cardiomyopathy/poisoning)

A

5-10 mL/kg NS or LR, repeat PRN

inotropic/vasoactive infusion

consult

poison antidote

76
Q

4 causes of obstructive shock

A

ductal dependent (LV outflow obstruction)

tension PTX

tamponade

PE

77
Q

only WOB is affected

A

respiratory distress

78
Q

appearance and WOB affected

A

respiratory failure

79
Q

only circulation affected

A

shock

80
Q

appearance and circulation affected

A

shock

81
Q

only appearance affected

A

metabolic shock

82
Q

appearance, wob, circulation all affected

A

cardiopulmonary failure

83
Q

6 components of respiratory emergency management for peds

A

airway management

suction PRN

O2

SpO2

EKG

BLS

84
Q

tx for croup (2)

A

nebulized epi

steroids

85
Q

tx for anaphylaxis (4)

A

IM epi

albuterol

antihistamines

steroids

86
Q

tx for aspiration/FB

A

position of comfort

consult

87
Q

tx for bronchiolitis

A

nasal suction

+/- bronchodilator trial

88
Q

tx for asthma

A

albuterol +/- ipatropium

steroids

Mg sulfate

IM epi if severe

terbutaline

89
Q

tx for PNA

A

albuterol

abx

+/- PEEP

90
Q

tx for ICP

A

avoid:

hypoxemia

hypercabia

hyperthermia

hypotn

PALS (1 decks)

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