Pales CIS Flashcards
a differential for chest pain, SOB
CHF, MI, pericarditis with cardiac tamponade, costochondritis, aortic dissection, unstable angina, panic attack, pneumonia
what does displaced to 7th intercostal space at an axillary line tell us?
left ventricuar enlargement
edema of 4+
4+ means water weeping out
does lack of edema rule out CHF?
no; depends on severity and side
right side more likely to cause edema
sillouhette sign on x-ray
infiltrate close to something, like the heart or diaphragm, so that you can’t see the outline of it
if ejection fraction is low, it means…
systolic failure
some life-saving medications for CHF/ MI
aldosterone inhibitor, beta blocker, ace inhibitor
diff’l diagnosis for dyspnea
right sided CHF, PE, anxiety,
diff’l dx for lower extremities swelling
venous insufficiency
right-sided heart failure
DVT
cellulitis
diff’l dx for cough
upper/ lower resp inf ACE inhibitor side effect Post Nasal Drip COPD cancer etc.
diff’l dx for abdominal distention
cirrhosis, right-sided heart failure, obesity, cancer, IBS/ gas
precordial heave means?
right ventricular enlargement/ dilational hypertrophy
significance of PMI being in the 5th ICS on a mid-clavicular line?
probably doesn’t have left ventricular enlargement
S4 sound means
due to atrial kick with non-compliant ventricle
shifting dullness means
ascites
tall R wave in V1 means
- right ventricular hypertrophy or
- RBBB
- True posterior MI
difference between heart rate and pulse
= pulse deficit
means fast, irregular heartrate usually due to fibrillation
lupus causes what kind of myocarditis?
Lipman Sachs
takes a long time, though, to lead to CHF
can cause CHF through affecting the valves OR through dilated cardiomyopathy (via inflammation)
how does viral myocarditis cause a murmur?
dilation and stretch of the annulus
inflammation and the heart
can be infectious or noninfections
leads to cardiomyopathy
most common cause of systolic heart failure in young people is
infectious myocarditis
irregularly irregular : 2 possibilities with narrow QRS
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Big blob of heart on x-ray could be 2 things
global dilation
- myocarditis
- pericardial effusion
pulsus parvus et tardus
the pulse is weak/small (parvus), and late (tardus) relative to its usually expected character. It is seen in aortic valve stenosis
valsalva increases what and decreases what?
increases HOCM murmur
decreases aortic stenosis murmur
passing out spells can be from
aortic stenosis
dilated cardiomyopathy with forward failure
one medication you should not use with murmur of aortic stenosis and chest pain?
nitroglycerin
what drugs can help with aortic stenosis?
none. Need to fix the valve
why does graves disease cause CHF?
High output failure
can lead to congestive hepatopathy
