Pales CIS

Question 1

a differential for chest pain, SOB

Answer 1

CHF, MI, pericarditis with cardiac tamponade, costochondritis, aortic dissection, unstable angina, panic attack, pneumonia

Question 2

what does displaced to 7th intercostal space at an axillary line tell us?

Answer 2

left ventricuar enlargement

Question 3

edema of 4+

Answer 3

4+ means water weeping out

Question 4

does lack of edema rule out CHF?

Answer 4

no; depends on severity and side

right side more likely to cause edema

Question 5

sillouhette sign on x-ray

Answer 5

infiltrate close to something, like the heart or diaphragm, so that you can’t see the outline of it

Question 6

if ejection fraction is low, it means…

Answer 6

systolic failure

Question 7

some life-saving medications for CHF/ MI

Answer 7

aldosterone inhibitor, beta blocker, ace inhibitor

Question 8

diff’l diagnosis for dyspnea

Answer 8

right sided CHF, PE, anxiety,

Question 9

diff’l dx for lower extremities swelling

Answer 9

venous insufficiency
right-sided heart failure
DVT
cellulitis

Question 10

diff’l dx for cough

Answer 10

upper/ lower resp inf
ACE inhibitor side effect
Post Nasal Drip
COPD
cancer
etc.

Question 11

diff’l dx for abdominal distention

Answer 11

cirrhosis, right-sided heart failure, obesity, cancer, IBS/ gas

Question 12

precordial heave means?

Answer 12

right ventricular enlargement/ dilational hypertrophy

Question 13

significance of PMI being in the 5th ICS on a mid-clavicular line?

Answer 13

probably doesn’t have left ventricular enlargement

Question 14

S4 sound means

Answer 14

due to atrial kick with non-compliant ventricle

Question 15

shifting dullness means

Answer 15

ascites

Question 16

tall R wave in V1 means

Answer 16

1. right ventricular hypertrophy or
2. RBBB
3. True posterior MI

Question 17

difference between heart rate and pulse

Answer 17

= pulse deficit

means fast, irregular heartrate usually due to fibrillation

Question 18

lupus causes what kind of myocarditis?

Answer 18

Lipman Sachs

takes a long time, though, to lead to CHF

can cause CHF through affecting the valves OR through dilated cardiomyopathy (via inflammation)

Question 19

how does viral myocarditis cause a murmur?

Answer 19

dilation and stretch of the annulus

Question 20

inflammation and the heart

Answer 20

can be infectious or noninfections

leads to cardiomyopathy

Question 21

most common cause of systolic heart failure in young people is

Answer 21

infectious myocarditis

Question 22

irregularly irregular : 2 possibilities with narrow QRS

Answer 22

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

Atrial fibrillation

Question 23

Big blob of heart on x-ray could be 2 things

global dilation

Answer 23

• myocarditis

- pericardial effusion

Question 24

pulsus parvus et tardus

Answer 24

the pulse is weak/small (parvus), and late (tardus) relative to its usually expected character. It is seen in aortic valve stenosis

Question 25

valsalva increases what and decreases what?

Answer 25

increases HOCM murmur decreases aortic stenosis murmur

Question 26

passing out spells can be from

Answer 26

aortic stenosis dilated cardiomyopathy with forward failure

Question 27

one medication you should not use with murmur of aortic stenosis and chest pain?

Answer 27

nitroglycerin

Question 28

what drugs can help with aortic stenosis?

Answer 28

none. Need to fix the valve

Question 29

why does graves disease cause CHF?

Answer 29

High output failure can lead to congestive hepatopathy