Palate and Pharynx Flashcards
What structures (bones, foramen, and canals) are in the Hard Palate?
Two maxillary bones Two palatine bones Three foramina and canals - Incisive - Greater palatine - Lesser palatine
What are the muscles of the Soft Palate?
Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus Musculus uvulae - bilateral muscle
Levator veli palatini
- Attachments
- Action
- Nerve
Attaches: Base of auditory tube to palatal aponeurosis
Action: Elevate palate
CN: X
Tensor veli palatini
- Attachments
- Action
- Nerve
Attaches: Lat aspect of auditory tube, scaphoid, and pterygoid fossa, around hamulus to palatal aponeurosis
Action: Tenses palate and opens auditory tube
CN: V3
Palatopharyngeus
- Attachments
- Action
- Nerve
Attaches: Palatal aponeurosis to lateral wall of pharynx
Action: Depresses palate and elevate pharynx
CN: X
Palatoglossus
- Attachments
- Action
- Nerve
Attaches: Palatal aponeuosis to dorsum and lateral aspect of tongue
Action: Raises uvula
N: CN X
What arteries supply blood to the palate?
Descending Palatine -> Greater and Lesser palatine
Asc. Palatine
Sphenopalatine
What nerve innervates the soft palate?
CN X, except Tensor veli palatine (CN V3)
What nerve provides general sensory for the hard and soft palate?
What are the branches of that nerve for each of these divisions of the palate?
- Midline to canines
- Canines to soft palate
- Soft palate
CN V2
- Nasopalatine nerve branches from V2 in pterygopalatine fossa
- Greater palatine nerve branches from V2 in pterygopalatine fossa
- Lesser palatine nerve branches from V2 in pterygopalatine fossa
Describe the nerve pathway of the Sympathetic innervation of the palate.
Ganglionic chain -> Sup. Cervical ganglion -> deep petrosal nerve joins greater petrosal to form nerves of pterygoid canal -> pass through pterygopalatine fossa and pterygopalatine ganglion -> jump onto greater and lesser palatine and nasopalatine nerves to get to the palate
What nerve supplies the parasympathetic function of the palate?
What is the pre-ganglionic cell body and post-ganglion cell bodies for the Parasympathetic nerves of the palate?
CN VII - Facial
Pre-Ganglionic - Sup. Salivatory Nucleus
Post-Ganglionic - Pterygopalatine ganglion
What are the actions for the Superior, Middle, and Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
They all constrict the pharynx
What nerve innervates the somatic motor function of the constrictor muscles?
CN X - Vagus
What are the attachments for the Sup. Pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
Originates at the Pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphae and attaches at the pharyngeal tubercle and median raphae
What are the attachments for the Middle Constrictor muscle?
Hyoid bone to median raphae
What are the attachments for the Inferior Constrictor?
Thyroid and Cricoid cartilages to median raphae
What are some landmarks of the Nasopharynx?
Mouth of Auditory tube
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Pharyngeal recess
Pharyngeal tonsils
What are some landmarks of the Oropharynx?
Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Palatine tonsil
What are some landmarks of the Laraygopharynx?
Epiglottis
What are the arterial sources for the Pharynx?
Maxillary
- Pharyngeal artery
- Asc palatine and Tonsillar of Facial
- Ascending Pharyngeal
- Superior Thyroid
Subclavian
- Thyrocervical trunk
- Inferior Thyroid
What nerve provides motor innervation of the Pharyngeal muscles?
Vagus nerve for all, except for Styloglossus (CN IX)
Nucleus Ambiguous -> jugular foramen -> pharynx
What nerves provide general sensory of the Pharyngeal muscles?
CN IX and X except Nasopharynx (CN V2)
Brain -> jugular foramen -> Sup & Inf glossopharyneal and vagal ganglion -> branches to pharynx
What nerves provide para-sympathetic function of the Pharyngeal nerves?
CN X
Dorsal vagus motor nuclei -> jugular foramen -> pre-ganglion fibers synapse with post-ganglion fibers near organ -> post-gang fibers continue to gland
