Palabras de Vocabulario.

Question 1

Peloponnesian Wars

Answer 1

a war fought for supremacy in Greece from 431 to 404 bc, in which Athens and her allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta.

Question 2

Direct Democracy:

Answer 2

Direct democracy, forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making, in contrast to indirect or representative democracy.

Question 3

Cyrus the Great:

Answer 3

king of Persia and the founder of the Persian Empire. conqueror who founded the Achaemenian empire centered on Persia and comprising the Near East from the Aegean Sea eastward to the Indus River. He is also remembered in the Cyrus legend—first recorded by Xenophon, Greek soldier, and author, in his Cyropaedia—as a tolerant and ideal monarch who was called the father of his people by the ancient Persians. In the Bible, he is the liberator of the Jews who was captive in Babylonia

Question 4

Zoroastrianism.

Answer 4

a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC. one of the world’s oldest continuously practiced religions. It is a multi-faceted faith centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate conquest of evil with theological elements of henotheism, monotheism/monism, and polytheism.

Question 5

Philip II of Macedon:

Answer 5

was the king of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.

Question 6

Olympic Games:

Answer 6

the greatest of the games or festivals of ancient Greece, held every four years in the plain of Olympia in Elis, in honor of Zeus.

Question 7

Pericles:

Answer 7

A statesman of ancient Greece, who tried to unite the country under the leadership of his own city, Athens (

Question 8

Hellenistic Period:

Answer 8

The period from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 b.c. to the middle of the first century b.c. It was marked by Greek and Macedonian emigration to areas conquered by Alexander and by the spread of Greek civilization from Greece to northern India.

Question 9

Alexandria:

Answer 9

founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt

Question 10

Roman Republic:

Answer 10

the era of classical Roman civilization, led by the Roman people, beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.
the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil war.

Question 11

Punic Wars:

Answer 11

the three wars waged by Rome against Carthage

Question 12

Carthage:

Answer 12

an ancient city-state in N Africa, near modern Tunis: founded by the Phoenicians in the middle of the 9th century b.c.; destroyed in 146 b.c. in the last of the Punic Wars

Question 13

Julius Caesar:

Answer 13

Renowned general, politician and scholar in ancient Rome who conquered the vast region of Gaul and helped initiate the end of the Roman Republic when he became dictator of the Roman Empire.

Question 14

Augustus Caesar:

Answer 14

The first emperor of Rome; the adopted son of Julius Caesar.

Question 15

Diocletian:

Answer 15

Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of Emperor Carus’s army

Question 16

Constantine:

Answer 16

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire;

Question 17

Hannibal Barca:

Answer 17

Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage’s main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history.

Question 18

Senate:

Answer 18

Composed of 120 members elected for a nine-year term, but its synthesis was renewed every three years by 1/3.

Question 19

Consuls:

Answer 19

the chairmen of the Senate, which served as a board of advisers

Question 20

Cicero:

Answer 20

Roman orator, statesman, and writer.

Question 21

Aristotle:

Answer 21

Greek philosopher and scientist who wrote about virtually every area of knowledge, including most of the sciences.

Question 22

Stoics:

Answer 22

an ancient Greek school of philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium. The school taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason (also identified with Fate and Providence) that governs nature and are indifferent to the vicissitudes of fortune and to pleasure and pain

Question 23

Socrates:

Answer 23

Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.

Question 24

Plato:

Answer 24

Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Question 25

Sophocles:

Answer 25

ancient Greek dramatist who lived from about 496 to about 406 BCE. He wrote over 100 plays and was one of the three famous Greek tragedians

Question 26

Odyssey and Iliad:

Answer 26

The Iliad tells the story of the Greek struggle to rescue Helen, a Greek queen, from her Trojan captors. The Odyssey takes the fall of the city of Troy as its starting point and crafts a new epic around the struggle of one of those Greek warriors, the hero Odysseus.

Question 27

Sappho:

Answer 27

Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos.

Question 28

Doric:

Answer 28

was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture.

Question 29

Ionic:

Answer 29

column was the architectural staple of Greece, both from a practical and artistic standpoint. Columns supported the weight of the roof and let the Greeks build larger temples.

Question 30

Corinthian:

Answer 30

relating to the lightest and most ornate of the three ancient Greek architectural orders distinguished especially by its large capitals decorated with carved acanthus leaf.