Paired Bones Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

List the paired bones

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
  3. Nasal
  4. Zygomatic
  5. Maxilla
  6. Palatine
  7. Lacrimal
  8. Inferior nasal conchae bones
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2
Q

In general, during flexion (inhalation), the paired bones all rotate in what direction?

A

Externally

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3
Q

What 5 bones does the parietal bone articulate with?

A
  1. Occiput
  2. Frontal
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Temporal
  5. Opposite parietal
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4
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

Junction of 4 different bones

  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Sphenoid
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5
Q

What is the Asterion?

A

Junction where three cranial sutures meet:

  1. Lambdoid
  2. Parieto-mastoid
  3. Occipito-mastoid

Or Where these three bones meet:

  1. Parietal
  2. Occipital
  3. Mastoid portion of temporal
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6
Q

What landmark of the parietal bone is the attachment point for temporal fascia?

A

Upper temporal ridge

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7
Q

What landmark of the parietal bone is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

Lower temporal ridge

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8
Q

What landmark of the parietal bone (and a bit the temporal bone too) is filled by the temporal muscle?

A

Temporalis fossae

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9
Q

What is the axis and the plane of motion of the parietal bones?

A

Axis: anterior-posterior axis

Plane of motion: coronal

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10
Q

What is the suture joining the two parietal bones?

What is the suture joining the parietal with the temporal bone?

A

Parietal + Parietal = Sagittal suture

Parietal + Temporal = Squamous suture

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11
Q

During flexion, in what direction do the parietal bones move?

A

“External rotation”

    • the sagittal articulation moves inferiorly (down)
    • the temporal articulation (squamous suture) moves laterally (out)
    • cranium widens laterally (gets “short and fat”)
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12
Q

During extension, in what direction do the parietal bones move?

A

“Internal rotation”

    • sagittal articulation moves superiorly (up)
    • temporal articulations (squamous suture) moves medially (inward)
    • cranium narrows laterally (gets “tall and skinny”)
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13
Q

What is cranial synostosis?

A

Premature closure of cranial sutures

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14
Q

What the most common type of synostosis and in what direction does it restrict growth?

A

Sagittal synostosis

– restricts the TRANSVERSE growth of skull

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15
Q

What type of synostosis results in the flattening of the back of the head on the affected side and ipsilateral compensatory growth of the mastoid?

A

Lambdoid synostosis

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16
Q

Which part of the temporal bone contains the zygomatic process?

A

Squamous portion of temporal bone

17
Q

Which part of the temporal bone contains the attachement for the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Petrous (rock) portion of temporal bone

18
Q

Which part of temporal bone encloses the internal carotid artery?

A

Petrous (rock) portion of temporal bone

19
Q

What is unique about the temporal bone in a newborn skull?

A

It lacks a mastoid process

20
Q

When flexed, in what direction does the temporal bone move? In extension?

A

Flexion: External rotation

Extension: Internal rotation

21
Q

Internal rotation of the temporal bone causes what type of sound in a patient’s ear?

A

Causes high pitched tinnitus (d/t compression of the eustachian tube)

22
Q

External rotation of the temporal bone causes what type of sound in a patient’s ear?

A

Causes a low pitched, swishing, or roaring tinnitus (eustachian tube is open)

23
Q

During SBS flexion, how does the frontal bone move?

A

External rotation = lateral side moves anterior/lateral and slightly inferior, glabella moves posteriorly

24
Q

During SBS extension, how does the frontal bone move?

A

Internal rotation = lateral side moves posterior/medially and slightly superior, glabella moves anteriorly

25
Q

What type of synostosis results in the following:

    • shorter and wider head (restriction of growth of anterior fossa)
    • compensatory vertical growth (turricephaly)
    • associated with Apert, Crouzon, Muenke, Pfeiffer, and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes
A

BICORONAL synostosis

26
Q

What type of synostosis results in the following:

    • a head shaped called anterior plagiocephaly
    • face has a “C-shape” or “facial twist” deformity (base on nose towards affected side and tip of nose away)
    • affected forehead is flat; contralateral forehead more anterior
    • affected side ear more anterior
    • d/t restricted anterior growth of top of skull and cranial base
A

UNICORONAL synostosis