Pain overview Flashcards
What are the primary mechanisms of pain?
Nociceptive
Neuropathic
Inflammatory
Nociplastic
What is nociceptive pain
Normal or adaptive in pathophysiology
Noxious peripheral stimuli such as heat, cold, intense mechanical force or chemical irritants alert sensory receptors
Travels along nociceptor to spinal cord (-> brain)
Pain leading to a autonomic response withdrawal reflex
What is neuropathic pain
Abnormal or maladaptive physiology
Peripheral nerve damage or inflammation, disrupted signal leading to spontaneous pain / pain hypersensitivity
spinal cord -> brain ( can relate to stroke)
What are the types of inflammatory pain?
Local or systemic
Local = normal/maladaptive physiology
Systemic = abnormal/maladaptive physiology
What are the mechanisms of inflammatory pain?
Macrophages, mast cells and neutrophil/ granulocytes detected by receptors or tissue damage detected by receptors
Nociceptor sensory neuron feeds to spinal cord (then brain)
Spontaneous pain, pain hypersensitivity
Can have reduced threshold (Allodynia)
Can have increased response(Hyperalgesia)
What is an increased pain response called?
Hyperalgesia
What is a reduced threshold
Allodynia
What is nociplastic pain?
Abnormal or maladaptive physiology
Normal peripheral tissue and nerves, abnormal central processing from spinal cord to brain
(may be increased facilitation / decreased inhibition)
Spontaneous pain and pain hypersensitivity
What are genetic and environmental factors for pain
Vitamin D
Smoking
Air pollution
Weather and temperature
Viral infections
Sleep disturbance
Social interaction
Stress
Mood disorders
Environmental enrichment
What are signs of inflammation?
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Pain
