Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3153 > pain, movement, mood > Flashcards

pain, movement, mood Flashcards

1
Q

both pain and touch sensory pathway

A

synapse in thalamus

sensations perceived in primary somatic sensory cortex

contralateral (stimulated on R –> shift to L side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thalamus

A

central switch station of brain
sorts out incoming physical signs (2* –> 3* thalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does pain pathway cross to contralateral side

A
  • pain: spinothalamic pathway (1* cross at dorsal horn in spinal cord)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does touch pathway cross to contralateral side

A
  • touch: dorsal column pathway (1* crosses in medulla)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

touch vs pain

A

touch nerves send signals more quickly than pain nerves

(feel pierce before pain)

  • thicker myelin sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

somatosensory relays of spinothalamic pathway

A

1) relay signal to tissue damage, pain sensation
2) signal generated at nociceptors in region of damage
3) nociceptors are free nerve ending. merge into afferent nerve fibre (Ad, C type)
4) fibre carry signal from periphery –> spinal cord
synapse at dorsal horm

5) spinothalamic neruon (2*, receiving neuron) sends long axon to thalamus.

6) thalamus (3* neuron) relay info to cortex (4* neuron)
variety of cortical regions receive pain info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pathway that affects sensory processing
(how do we know the location)

A

signal travels along topographic lines

reach primary somatosensory cortex (L hemisphere = right body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

signal travels along labeled line

A

receptor and its primary afferent (1* neuron) labeled because only respond to only 1 type of stimulus

chain of neurons relaying sensory info of particular modality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

modalities

A

modalities represent a class of stimuli (eg lead to somatosensation)

some are non-overlapping (vision and sound)

some are submodalities which overlaps (touch, pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unimodal receptors

A

only 1 adequate stimulus

not have manifold adequate stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

polymodal receptor

A

nociceptors: free nerve endings in the skin are called polymodal nociceptors because they contain multiple receptors and thus respond to various combinations of the above mentioned stimulus.

eg: mechano-heat C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

large representation of face compared to trunk on cortical map

A

relay of info from face region more extensive than from trunk

high density of receptors in face region, more precise sensory experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 factors of sensation

A

1) location
2) intensity
3) quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

location of sensation

A

location of receptor (receptive field)
duration of stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intensity of sensation

A

a) freq code (the more intense the stimulus, more AP per unit time (FREQ)

b) population code (number of receptors excited)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

quality of stimulus

A

nature of stimulus

vision (photo receptors)
mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
osmoreceptors
thermoreceptors
proprioceptors (position in space)
nociceptors (noxious stimuli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is pain?

A

unpleasant feeling

felt acutely to warn indiv of the damage and prompt indiv to take remedial measures

  • pain that outlast tissue damage/ after tissue recovered does not serve any USEFUL PURPOSE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 features of pain

A

1) intensity
2) unpleasantness (subjective)
3) duration (acute vs chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pain pathophysiology

A

allodynia: pain to normally non-pain stimulus

hyperalgesia: incr pain to noxious stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

allodynia explained in 2parts

A

1) human sensory exp (lower threshold for excitation + POTENTIATES, higher intensity for given stimuli)

2) neural activity (incr AP response per unit time)
- central sensitization (spinal cord)
- peripheral (nociceptors neurons)

21
Q

spontaneous pain

A

spontaneous activity in pain pathway especially in nociceptors

22
Q

central sensitisation

A

sensitised spinal neurons strongly excited by touch.

  • excited wide dynamic range neuron (grey column of spinal cord) along spinothalamic pathway –> sensation of pain
  • potentiate freq of pain signal
23
Q

peripheral sensitisation

A

nociceptor terminals become more sensitive to the same quantity of the chemical mediators

potentiates pain intensity

24
Q

inhibitory neuron function

A

excitation of Ab fiber 1* (touch) will inhibit spinal-thalamic tract neuron 2* (pain)

rmb: pain crosses at dorsal column

25
possible MOA of allodynia
1) degeneration of inhibitory neuron 2) inhibitory neuron is now activatory neuron. phenotypic alteration 3) spinal thalamic tract becomes sensitised, more easily excitable. tissue damaged, more neurotransmitters, incr freq so there is decr in threshold
26
neurochemicals involved in sensitisation
CGRP 5HT ATP Sub P glutamate
27
drugs that inhibit neurochemicals that are involved in sensitisation
1) aspirin (NSAID, inhibit COX, block PG prod) 2) acetaminophen (reduce COX, antagonist TRPV receptor) 3) ubrogepant (CGRP RA)
28
eg of allodynia
sprained ankle neuropathy (nerve damage) surgery (trauma and nerve damage) sunburnt - affects 1* nociceptive neurons and spinal neurons (interneuron)
29
types of pain modulation
- decr pain: regulate signal along pain pathway, stress, morphine, context , PAG - enhance pain: anxiety
30
methods to modulate pain
1) descending - stimulates PAG, stimulate interneuron to inhibit transmission 2) segmental modulation
31
PAG (periaquefuctal grey) and pain inhibition pathway
in midbrain 1) neurons in prefrontal cortex can activate PAG regions 2) medulla (in nuclues raphe magnus) 3) excites another neuron in spinal cord (interneuron = produce enkephalin) 4) inhibits transfer of signal to spinothalamic neuron (opioid receptors on axons of C, Ad fibers) : 5HT, enkephalin - inhibit sub P 1st ----INHIBITED----> 2nd order (spinothalamic neuron)
32
morphine and enkephalin
morphine mimics enkephalin binds to opioid receptors of axons (pain 1*)
33
1. segmental modulation of pain (gate theory)
stimulate large diameter afferents (Ab, touch) excite inhibitory interneuron decr transmission of pain signal in spinal cord * gate closed = local analgesic effect at spinal cord
34
2. descending pathway
stimulate mid-brain PAQ activate nucleus raphe magnus --> stimulate interneuron in spinal cord release opioids (endorphin, 5HT, NA, enkephalin) * inhibit the presynaptic form releasing sub P * inhibit the post synapse of 2* neuron from transmitting signals.
35
types of movements generated
1) reflexes - involuntary, withdrawal 2) rhythmic motor patterns (require vol initiation and termination) : walk, breathe, swim 3) voluntary - goal directed
36
cortex -- voluntary movement
premotor area and primary motor cortex (left brain controls right muscle)
37
brain stem (rhythmic motor patterns)
from mid brain --> medulla brainstem and cortex influence execution of behaviour (via neurons that send long axons from site of origin --> spinal cord)
38
spinal cord
reflexes, site of motor neurons to control muscle activity
39
sensorimotor cortex contains
somatosensory cortex (parietal) vs somatomotor cortex (frontal lobe)
40
neurons in basal ganglia
dopamine neurons degeneration leads to Parkinson's disease interacts with cortex and affects initiation & selection of motor program
41
damage to basal ganglia
1) disorder of movement - tremor, rapid flicking, dystonia, bradykinesia (slow) eg PARKINSON'S 2) disorder of posture - rigidity
42
parkinson's marked by 3 features
tremor rigidity bradykinesia
43
descending control of efferent
corticospinal brainstem pathways for voluntary motor function descending spinal tract system that originate from cortex/ brainstem upper motor neurons travel in corticospinal tract synapse in spinal cord (lower motor neurons) contact with skeletal muscle (contraction)
44
steps for voluntary movements
1) knowledge where body is in space (relative to obstructions) 2) where it intends to go 3) selection of a plan to get there (diff ways,selects fastest/ safest) 4) plan held in memory until the appropriate time 5) instruction to implement the plan
45
1) knowledge where body is in space
mental body image generated by SOMATOSENSORY proprioceptive and visual inputs to posterior parietal cortex (converge info -- relative idea of where you are at)
46
1) knowledge where body is in space
mental body image generated by SOMATOSENSORY proprioceptive and visual inputs to posterior parietal cortex (converge info -- relative idea of where you are at) * proprioceptor stimulated
47
2) where it intends to go and what to do
anterior frontal lobes abstract thought, decision making, anticipate consequences for action weight factors, risk vs benefits
48
3) selection of a plan and held till execution
premotor cortical areas cerebellum -- coordinate movement basal ganglia -- decision, selection
49
4) implementation
go command implemented by primary motor cortex in participation of basal ganglia and cerebellum "rhythmic motor movement"

3153 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions