Pain Management Flashcards
1
Q
Effective Pain Management
A
pharmacological and non pharmacological pain management therapies
2
Q
Acute Pain
A
- is protective, temporary, usually self-limiting, and resolves with tissue healing
- physiological responses (sympathetic nervous system), are fight-or-flight responses (tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, diaphoresis, muscle tension)
- behavioral responses include grimacing, moaning, flinching, and guarding
- the nurse should be aware that a client not exhibiting physiological or behavioral responses does not mean that the pain is absent
- interventions include: treatment of underlying problem
3
Q
Chronic Pain
A
- is not protective. It is ongoing or recurs frequently, lasting longer than 3 months and persisting beyond tissue healing.
- physiological responses do not usually increase vital signs. The clients vital signs can actually be lower than normal in response to chronic pain. Clients can have depression, fatigue, decreased level of functioning, or disability
- chronic pain might not have known cause, and it might not respond to interventions
- management aims at pain relief
- chronic pain can be classified as chronic cancer pain or chronic noncancer pain
4
Q
Nociceptive Pain
A
- arises from damage or inflammation of tissue other than that of the peripheral and central nervous system
- Nociceptive pain is the activation of normal processing of painful stimuli
- it is usually throbbing, aching, and localized
- this pain typically responds to opioids and nonopioid medication
5
Q
Somatic Nociceptive Pain
A
- in bones, joints, muscle, skin, or connective tissues
6
Q
Visceral Nociceptive Pain
A
in internal organ such as the stomach or intestines. It can cause referred pain in other body locations separate form the stimulus.
7
Q
Physiology of Pain
A
- transduction is the conversion of painful stimuli to an electrical impulses through peripheral nerve fibers (nociceptors)
- Transmission occurs as the electrical impulses travel along the nerve fibers, where neurotransmitters regulate it.
- perception or awareness of pain occurs in various areas of the brain, with influences from thought and emotional processes
- modulation occurs in the spinal cord, causing muscles to contract reflectively, moving the body away from the painful stimuli
- the pain threshold is the point at which a person feels pain
- pain tolerance is the amount of pain a person is willing to bear
8
Q
Pain threshold
A
is the point at which a person feels the pain
9
Q
Pain tolerance
A
the amount of pain a person is willing to bear
10
Q
Substances that Increase Pain transmission
A
substance P, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and histamine
11
Q
Substances that decrease pain transmission
A
serotonin and endorphins
12
Q
Assessment of Pain
A
