Pain Management Flashcards
What is nociceptive pain?
Any type of pain that does not relate to the brain or spinal cord.
What is cutaneous pain?
Superficial (skin), sharp pain.
Easily located.
Cuts or burns.
What is somatic pain?
Deep pain; joints, bones and muscles.
Dull & achy, hard to localize.
What is visceral pain?
Origins in the organs.
Sharp or dull pain.
Difficult to localize.
What is referred pain?
Pain sensation present some distance away from the source.
Example: left arm pain during a heart attack.
What is neuropathic pain?
Presents with a mixture of both positive and negative symptoms.
Shooting, stinging or pins and needles but at the same time lack of feeling or sensation.
What is the difference between ALLODYNIA, HYPERALGESIC & PLASTICITY?
Allodynia: painful response to normal stimuli.
Hyperalgesic: exaggerated response to already painful stimuli.
Plasticity: modified nerves; new experiences (contributes to resistance of many chronic pain conditions.
Focused pain assessment: what does OPQRST-AAA stand for?
O: Onset of pain P: Provocation Q: Quality of pain R: Region & radiation S: Severity of pain T: Time & duration AAA: Aggravating/alleviating and associated symptoms
List pharmacological treatment options for pain.
Non-opioid analgesic (decreases prostaglandin)
> {Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen}
Corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory)
Local anesthetic (controls bleeding = vasoconstriction)
Topical rubefacients
>{Icy-Hot}
Opioids (activates MU-receptors = respiratory depression and decreased GI motility)
Atypical analgesic
>Antidepressants
List non-pharmacological interventions for pain.
Positioning Heat/cold application ROM exercise Massage, relaxation, acupressure Distraction therapies Prayer Non-invasive treatment options (Chiropractor, physical therapy, TENS)
