Pain Management Flashcards
What is the nurse role in pain management?
- advocate
2. educator
What is the nurse priority responsibility regarding pain management?
- assess patient pain level
2. provide individualized interventions
What/ who may cause assessment challenges?
- cognitively impaired
2. patients on a ventilator
what are the affects of undertreatment of pain for acute/chronic patients?
anxiety
fear
depression
What are the affects of poorly managed acute pain?
can lead to chronic acute pain syndrome
What is pain ?
Whatever the patient state it is
What is the leading cause of disability in Americans under 45?
Back pain
When do most patients experience pain?
last days of their life
Most abused drug in America?
Majiuana
Second most abused drug in America?
Prescription drug
What populations are at higher risk for inadequate pain control?
Elderly
Substance abusers
foreigners
How often should the nurse asses the effectiveness of the interventions?
30 to 60 mins after implementation
Substances that INCREASE pain transmission and cause an INFLAMMATORY response?
Substance P
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
Histamine
Substance that DECREASE pain transmission and produce analgesia?
Serotonin
Endorphin
Describe acute pain?
protective
temporary
resolves with tissue healing
describe chronic pain?
not protective
last longer than 6 mons
What type of physiological responses does acute pain has?
sympathetic nervous system Tachycardia hypertension anxiety diaphoresis muscle tension
Describe nociceptive pain?
from damage to or inflammation of tissue
throbbing, localized, and aching
types of nociceptive pain?
somatic- in bones, joints, muscles, skin or connective tissue
viseral- internal organs such s the stomach and intestines. can cause referred pain
cutaneous- in the skin
Describe neuropathic pain?
abnormal or damaged pain nerves
A- delta Fibers?
send sharp
localized
Fast mylienated
C- Fibers?
send poorly localized burning persistent pain Slow Small unmylienated
What do nurses use for patients who cannot self-report?
Hierarchy of pain measures
Checklist of Non Verbal Pain Indicators (CNPI)
Pain Assessment in Advance Dementia Scale (PAINAD)
never family member to report
What are non opioids ?
analgesic uses to treat mild to moderate pain
What are some examples of non opioids?
acetaminophen
NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naxproxen, celecoxib )
What do you adminster with nonopioids?
food or antacids
What are opioids?
analgesic uses to treat moderate to severe pain
cancer pains
post operative pains
What are some examples of opioids?
morphine sulfate
fentanyl (sublimaze)
codeine
What are some adverse effects of opioids?
constipation orthostatic hypotension urinary retention nausea/vomiting sedation respiratory depression
What are adjuvant analgesics?
help enhance the effects of nonopoids
What are some examples of adjuvant analgesics?
anticunvulsants (gabapentin neurotin)
Antidepressants
