Pain Management

Question 1

Localized pain

Answer 1

pain confined to the site of origin

Question 2

Projected pain

Answer 2

pain along a specific nerve or nerves

Question 3

Radiating pain

Answer 3

diffuse pain around the site or origin that is not well localized

Question 4

Referred pain

Answer 4

pain perceived in an area distant from the site of painful stimuli

Question 5

C-fibers

Answer 5

conduct thermal, chemical, and strong mechanical impulses.

• pain conduction is slow, more widespread, dull, burning, or achy
• usually produce persistent pain

Question 6

A-fibers

Answer 6

Rapid, sharp, pricking, or piercing sensations

• easily localized to a well defined area
• mechanical nocireceptors

Question 7

Nociceptive pain

Answer 7

either visceral or somatic

• Somatic pain arises from the skin and musculoskeletal structures
• Visceral pain arises from the organs

Question 8

Neuropathic pain

Answer 8

results from some type of nerve injury

- is divided into centrally or peripherally generated pain

Question 9

When is a nonopioid given?

Answer 9

mild-moderate pain

Question 10

The most reliable assessment of pain

Answer 10

self report

Question 11

PO pain medication should be reassessed when?

Answer 11

within 1 hour

Question 12

IV pain medication should be reassessed when?

Answer 12

15-30 minutes

Question 13

Addiction

Answer 13

characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving

Question 14

Pseudoaddiction

Answer 14

an iatrogenic syndrome created by the undertreatment of pain.
-Characterized by: Anger and escalating demands

Question 15

Tolerance

Answer 15

a state of adaptation in which the exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a decrease in one or more of the drugs effects over time

Question 16

Physical dependance

Answer 16

a withdrawal syndrome, can be caused by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of a drug, or the administration of an antagonist

Question 17

metastasis

Answer 17

spread of disease

Question 18

Breakthrough pain

Answer 18

the patient experiences pain between scheduled doses of the drug regimen

Question 19

According to POSS sedation scale, is there any necessary action to be taken if patient is frequently drowsy but arousable and drifts off to sleep during conversation. If so, what?

Answer 19

Unacceptable, monitor respiratory status and sedation level closely; decrease opioid dose to 25-50% or notify MD; ask patient to take deep breaths every 15-30 seconds

Question 20

4 steps of pain

Answer 20

Transduction - where pain first occurs
Transmission - fiber to fiber
Perception of pain - person notices and interprets pain
Modulation - the release of neurotransmitters to alleviate the pain

Question 21

FLACC Scale

Answer 21

The most commonly used behavioral pain measure
F - Facial expression
L - Leg movement
A - Activity
C - Cry
C - Consolability

Question 22

How do albumin levels effect toxicity of a drug?

Answer 22

Many drugs are protein bound, so low albumin levels causes more free drug (active form) available increasing the risk for side effects.

Question 23

If a patient describes their pain as feeling like “pins and needles”, what kind of pain are they most likely experiencing?

Answer 23

neuropathic pain