pain management

Question 1

who has the authority on what pain is and how it feels?

Answer 1

the patient

Question 2

is pain subjective or objective

Answer 2

pain is sunjective

Question 3

when a person says they are not in pain, but their body language suggests otherwise, which one should we believe?

Answer 3

the nonverbal body signs

Question 4

where do the small fibers direct pain signals to?

Answer 4

the brain

Question 5

what do large fibers do for pain?

Answer 5

it inhibits

Question 6

what sort of things can affect pain?

Answer 6

past experiences, beliefs about pain, emotions

Question 7

what is the process of pain travel?

Answer 7

transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation

Question 8

what is transduction?

Answer 8

the activation of pain receptors

Question 9

what is transmission?

Answer 9

the conduction of pain along the pathways

Question 10

what is the perception of pain?

Answer 10

when we become aware of the characteristics of pain, i.e the pain threshold

Question 11

what is modulation of pain?

Answer 11

the inhibition or the modification of pain

Question 12

what does an endorphins do?

Answer 12

they can act as opioid analgesics

Question 13

describe acute pain

Answer 13

pain that is rapid and can vary in intensity

Question 14

is acute pain protective? why or why not?

Answer 14

it is protective. it protects us from tissue and nerve damage.

Question 15

what are some characteristics of chronic pain?

Answer 15

it can be limited or persistent

Question 16

what is the timeframe for chronic pain?

Answer 16

3-6 months. chronic pain lasts longer than the normal healing period

Question 17

describe somatic pain

Answer 17

deep pain that can originate in blood vessels, bones, tendons, etc

Question 18

describe visceral pain

Answer 18

poorly localized, poorly described pain that can originate in the organs and areas of the body like the abdomen

Question 19

what is cutaneous pain?

Answer 19

pain that involves the skin or subcutaneous layer

Question 20

is cutaneous pain superficial or deep?

Answer 20

superficial

Question 21

describe referred pain

Answer 21

pain that is perceived in a different part of the body than it is originating in

Question 22

what is nociceptive pain?

Answer 22

pain that is apart of the normal process. this pain is stimulated by nerve fibers

Question 23

true/false : nociceptive pain is caused by non neural tissue damage

Answer 23

true

Question 24

describe neuropathic pain

Answer 24

pain that is caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system

Question 25

what is nociplastic pain?

Answer 25

pain that is not nociceptive or neuropathic in nature

Question 26

what is intractable pain?

Answer 26

pain that is still present even when interventions have been used

Question 27

what is phantom pain?

Answer 27

pain that does not appear to be caused by a pathophysiological event

Question 28

when we assess patients for pain, what are some things we are checking for?

Answer 28

factors like psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and pathophysiological

Question 29

what are some words that can be used to describe pain?

Answer 29

dull, sharp, radiating, shifting, severe, etc

Question 30

true/false: pain assessments require subjective and objective information to be received from the patient

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what is the RN's job when it comes to pain assessments?

Answer 31

trying to understand and determine the etiology of the pain

Question 32

true/false: we don't need to ask the patient about their preferred pain level

Answer 32

false. rationale: we must get the patient to an acceptable pain level on their end. we should see which nursing interventions could be implemented

Question 33

what are the 2 types of measures we could use to implement pain management?

Answer 33

pharmacological and non-pharmacological

Question 34

we must ____ after we have used an implementation of pain management for a patient

Answer 34

evaluate

Question 35

when asking a patient we should always remember to ask ____ types of questions

Answer 35

descriptive/leading/etc

Question 36

what are some characteristics of a good pain assessment question?

Answer 36

time it started, type of pain, where it is located, onset, amelioration/worsening

Question 37

true/false: objective pain includes things like patient self reporting

Answer 37

false rationale: since self reporting is all about what the patient feels, this is subjective

Question 38

what are some objective characteristics of pain assessment?

Answer 38

facial changes, pupil size, changes in skin tone

Question 39

what do we need to do after an opioid analgesic has been administered?

Answer 39

reassess the pain level to see if the intervention was helpful

Question 40

what is the flacc scale?

Answer 40

a tool used for patients who are not able to verbalize/quantify their pain, so this nonverbal chart is used with observing

Question 41

what is the CRIES scale?

Answer 41

the pain scale that is being used for >38 weeks of gestation

Question 42

what type of scale is the 0-10 scale?

Answer 42

self reporting

Question 43

true/false: it is the RN's job to make sure that the relationship with the patient is secure and welcoming

Answer 43

true

Question 44

what are some things we as RN's can do to manipulate pain factors?

Answer 44

we can validate fears, have honest talks, promote rest, etc

Question 45

what are some nursing interventions we could do to ameliorate pain?

Answer 45

distractions, humour, meditation, etc

Question 46

how do opioid analgesics work?

Answer 46

they are antagonists that attach to receptors in the brain

Question 47

what is important to keep in mind when we administer opioid analgesics?

Answer 47

we need to monitor the pt frequently and check for physiological responses to the pain with our ongoing assessments

Question 48

is lying to a patient/giving them a placebo for pain ethical?

Answer 48

no. we as nurses have an ethical and moral obligation to ameliorate pain

Question 49

for cancer patients, what is the preferred route of medication administration?

Answer 49

oral rationale: we should be giving around the clock pain meds and giving the patient as much control as possible

Question 50

is pain denial prevalent within adult/older populations?

Answer 50

yes rationale: there could be lots of stigma associated with receiving pain medication/accepting that supplemental help (medication) is needed to ameliorate pain

Question 51

who is allowed to touch and operate the PCA pump for opioid analgesics?

Answer 51

the patient ONLY

Question 52

true/false: do RN's have a responsibility to educate patients on pain?

Answer 52

yes rationale: patient education is a right and should always be extended to the patient so that the patient centered model of care is upheld