Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is transduction?

A

Conversion of stimulus into electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is transmission?

A

Sending if impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is perception?

A

The patients experience of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is modulation?

A

Inhibition of pain / release of inhibitory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 physiological processes of normal pain?

A

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Gate-Control theory of pain?

A

Founded by melzack & wall 1965

First to suggest that pain had emotional & cognitive components in addiction to a physical sensation

Pain impulses pass through when a gate is open and are blocked when a gate is closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some behavioral responses?

A

Clenching of teeth
Facial grimacing
Holding or guarding the painful part
Bent posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Acute / Transient pain?

A

Protective, identifiable, short duration; limited emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chronic / Persistent noncancer

A

Is not protective, has no purpose, may or may not have an identifiable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Chronic episodic pain?

A

Occurs sporadically over an extended duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cancer pain?

A

Can be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inferred pathological pain?

A

Muscle skeletal, visceral, or neuropathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is idiopathic pain?

A

Chronic pain w/o identifiable physical or psychological cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some physiological factors that include pain?

A

Age
Fatigue
Genes
Neurological function
- fatigue increases the perception of pain & can cause problems with sleep and rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some social factors that influence pain?

A

Attention
Previous experiences
Family & support groups
Spiritual “why am I suffering”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some psychological factors that influence pain?

A

Anxiety
Coping: which can have negative and positive effects

17
Q

What are some cultural factors that influence pain?

A

Meaning of pain
Ethnicity

18
Q

What is the clinical tool used to assess pain?

A

A = Ask about pain regularly, be systematic

B = Believe the patient and family

C = Choose pain control options appropriate for the patient

D = Deliver interventions in a timely manner

E = Empower patient and their families to control their plan and course of action

19
Q

What are some characteristics of pain?

A

Onset and duration
Location
Intensity
Quality
Pattern
Relief measures
Contributing symptoms
Effects of pain on the patient

20
Q

What are some behavioral assessments / effects of pain on patient?

A

Assess verbalization, vocal response, facial & body movements, and social interaction

21
Q

What are some assessment/ effects of pain on a patient performing activities of daily living (ADLs)?

A

Physical deconditioning
Sleep disturbances
Sexual relationships
Ability to work ( outside of and in the home)

22
Q

What are some Non-pharmacological Interventions

A

Relaxation & guided imagery
Cognitive and behavioral approach
Herbals
Reducing pain perception
Distraction
Music
Cutaneous stimulation
(Message, tens, heat and cold)

23
Q

What are some analgesics for acute pain management?

A

Non-opioids (non-opioids)
Narcotics (opioids)
Adjuvants / coanalgesics

24
Q

What are some pharmacological pain relief delivery systems?

A

Panting contolled analgesia (PCA)
Local / Regional anesthesia
Topical agents / Transdermal patches
Epidural

25
Q

What are some nursing interventions for local and regional anesthesia?

A

Provide emotional support
Protect patient from injury
Patient education

26
Q

What are some long-acting or controlled release medications?

A

Morphine
Oxycodone
Fentanyl

27
Q

What are some barriers to effective pain management?

A

Physical dependence
Addiction
Placebos
Drug tolerance

28
Q

What is physical dependence?

A

A state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class - specific withdrawal syndrome, produced by
Cessation
Rapid drug dose
And/ or administration of an antagonist

29
Q

What is addiction?

A

A primary, chronic, neurological disease with genetic, psychological, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations