Pain Management Flashcards
What is transduction?
Conversion of stimulus into electrical energy
What is transmission?
Sending if impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor)
What is perception?
The patients experience of pain
What is modulation?
Inhibition of pain / release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
What are the 4 physiological processes of normal pain?
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
What is Gate-Control theory of pain?
Founded by melzack & wall 1965
First to suggest that pain had emotional & cognitive components in addiction to a physical sensation
Pain impulses pass through when a gate is open and are blocked when a gate is closed
What are some behavioral responses?
Clenching of teeth
Facial grimacing
Holding or guarding the painful part
Bent posture
What is Acute / Transient pain?
Protective, identifiable, short duration; limited emotional response
What is chronic / Persistent noncancer
Is not protective, has no purpose, may or may not have an identifiable cause
What is Chronic episodic pain?
Occurs sporadically over an extended duration
What is cancer pain?
Can be acute or chronic
What is inferred pathological pain?
Muscle skeletal, visceral, or neuropathic
What is idiopathic pain?
Chronic pain w/o identifiable physical or psychological cause
What are some physiological factors that include pain?
Age
Fatigue
Genes
Neurological function
- fatigue increases the perception of pain & can cause problems with sleep and rest
What are some social factors that influence pain?
Attention
Previous experiences
Family & support groups
Spiritual “why am I suffering”